石脑油罐区道化学火灾、爆炸指数评价

采用道化学火灾、爆炸指数评价法对中国石化天津分公司4×104m3石脑油贮罐区进行危险分析与评价,依据危险指数的计算结果,提出安全对策措施。     

液化烃球罐注水系统应用分析

通过现场调研,分析了当前液化烃球罐注水系统的设置及应用情况,提出一些合理建议。     

某槽罐车爆炸事故原因及救援措施分析

以湖南某地槽罐车倾翻导致的液化气泄漏爆炸事故为例,从爆炸发生条件的角度对事故发展过程进行了定性分析,认为环境温度升高导致压力增大是槽罐车破裂的直接原因,倾翻使罐体强度降低,容积减小是间接原因,可能的引火源为电气或静电火花而非烟头。运用PHAST软件模拟了液化气泄漏形成蒸气云爆炸的过程,利用冲击波超压和热辐射准则得到本次事故安全距离为310 m。研究结论对类似事故的抢险救援和疏散有一定的参考价值。     

LNG储罐泄漏危险性计算及影响因素分析

针对LNG储罐泄漏气体扩散模拟分析过程中存在计算和分析过程复杂的问题,选取适当的气体扩散模型,对危险气体的扩散进行模拟和分析,绘制蒸汽扩散UFL(爆炸上限)、LFL(爆炸下限)、1/2LFL浓度等值线图,实现蒸汽扩散伤害分区的准确划分,提高了计算速率和精确度。并利用程序模拟分析了风速、地表粗糙度、泄漏速率等因素对LNG泄漏气体扩散影响。研究结果表明,当风速方向和泄漏源泄漏方向相同时,蒸汽扩散距离和危害范围随风速增大呈减小趋势;蒸汽在下风向扩散距离随着地表粗糙度的增大而减小;扩散距离和危害范围随泄漏速率的增大而增大。     

多因素下小尺度油罐火燃烧速率的研究

以正庚烷为研究对象,开展了不同因素耦合作用下小尺度油罐火燃烧特性的实验研究。结果表明:在不改变其他工况条件下,开口因子直接影响燃料燃烧速率,发现不同开口因子下燃烧速率与全开口下燃烧速率之比始终正比于对应的开口面积之比,且之间存在着相应的关系式。在实验所测两种液位6cm和8cm下,其燃烧速率变化不大,由此可发现,在该实验液位下油罐火液位高度不是影响燃烧速率的主要因素。在不同的风速下,随着风速的增加燃烧速率逐渐增加并趋于一定值,且不同开口因子下风速对燃烧速率的影响程度不同。风速对开口因子大的油罐燃烧速率的影响小于开口因子较小的油罐。     

Consequence modeling of a real rupture of toluene storage tank

Chemicals used in paint industry are generally comprised of toxic and inflammable substances; they may cause serious problems for humans and environment if safety conditions are neglected. In 2012, rupture of a toluene tank in a paint factory in Iran claimed lives of two workers near the tank. The present study is formulated in order to model the incident. The results showed the area prone to flash fire occurrence and extension. Furthermore, radiation was measured in terms of distance to the tank. A bund wall is also assumed around the vessel in order to determine its influence on evaporation in flash fire area, radiation, and maximum concentration of vapor cloud. The results provided important hints on minimum and required distance of electrical equipment or electrical enclosure (PLC) installation from vessels as well as suitable distance between the vessels. Finally, preventive recommendations were proposed to reduce the risk of potential accidents.     

屋顶绿化二氧化碳减排效益的研究

屋顶绿化不仅能够美化城市环境,而且对城市二氧化碳减排具有一定作用。文章利用自行设计的熏气装置对几种常见屋顶绿化植物进行CO2熏气实验,测定其对CO2的吸收速率和影响因素;实验结果表明,红叶石楠、红继木和石榴等绿化植物对CO2具有显著的吸收能力,其中红叶石楠的吸收速率最高,达7.058 L/(m.2d),绿化植物对CO2的吸收速率受屋面温度影响较大,温度超过34℃时吸收速率快速减小;在实验观测基础上,结合武汉城市区域气候特征、建筑物荷载能力、屋顶绿化可用面积等信息,分析得到武汉市进行规模化屋顶绿化之后,每年可吸收转化CO21.696×106t,相当于一个194 MW火力发电厂一年的CO2排放量,屋顶绿化的发展前景较可观。     

液化石油气(LPG)储罐安全监测研究

通过对液化石油气储罐的火灾危险特性进行分析,说明了安全监控系统的重要性,提出了储罐区需要监测的参数。在对监测参数进行分析的基础上,给出了对监测参数进行监测的传感器,并对传感器的原理进行了介绍。最后结合计算机监测的相关知识,给出了用于液化石油气储罐的安全监测系统,并对系统可能受到的影响提出了一些抗干扰的措施。     

Establishment of Aqueous Film Forming Foam extinguishing agent minimum supply intensity model based on experimental method

In recent years, serious fire and explosion accident in petrochemical storage tanks have taken place frequently. Therefore, increasing the firefighting force in petrochemical parks is particularly important. The ambition of the paper is mainly studying the supply intensity of Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) extinguishing agent. Fire extinguishing agent demand calculation method that can be capable of matching fire scale is established by carrying out series of fire extinguishing experiments. 6% AFFF is chosen to carry out three groups of experiments respectively: fire extinguishing agent fluidity determination, series groups of small size simulation oil pool fire and 177 square meters of large oil pool fire extinguishing experiment. The situation of fire extinguishing on fuel surface of AFFF can be explored through experimental means under cold and hot conditions. The data obtained from experiments prove a higher conformity between covering process and covering model under the cold condition. The model can predict the cold coverage of AFFF effectively. After unifying the supply flow from each experiment, the statistics can be fitted and come to the minimum supply intensity algorithm of AFFF against the target storage tank specifications. The algorithm is used to estimate the minimum supply intensity when extinguishing full liquid surface fire. This model also can be used as reference for petrochemical fire protection.     

煤油气共生矿井瓦斯含量主控因素分析及工作面瓦斯治理

针对崔家沟煤矿煤油气共生、瓦斯含量分布复杂、瓦斯涌出不均的特点,在分析瓦斯含量影响因素的基础上,采用灰熵关联分析法确定影响瓦斯含量的主控因素,通过顶板岩层含油强度研究2303工作面瓦斯含量分布规律,提出2303工作面瓦斯治理方案并进行应用。结果表明:顶板岩层含油强度与瓦斯含量的灰熵关联度最大为0.993 3,是影响崔家沟煤矿4-2号煤层瓦斯含量的主控因素;根据顶板含油强度可将2303工作面划分为2个瓦斯含量分布单元;采取高位钻孔与顶板走向长钻孔相结合的工作面瓦斯治理方案可有效降低高瓦斯含量分布单元回采时回风流中的瓦斯浓度,能有效确保工作面的安全高效回采。