空区探测方法优选的ANP模型及其应用

目前矿山空区探测方法众多,但缺乏对其进行优化选择的分析模型。为了提高特定条件下空区探测方法选择的科学性、合理性,采用网络分析法(ANP)将决策问题分解成控制层和网络层。就这些层中的元素而言,用一种标度对人的主观判断进行客观量化后,对其实施定性、定量分析。综合考虑空区探测方法的技术、经济、人机设计及环境指标,构建空区探测方法综合评价体系,确定各判断准则间的相互影响关系,建立空区探测方法优选决策问题的ANP结构,借助Super Deci-sions软件计算参选方法基于各影响因素的综合优先权,从而确定适用于特定条件下的空区探测方法。结果表明,该模型能够随着工作环境的改变而计算影响因素优先权,使空区探测方法根据工作环境的改变而调整。     

KR法铁水脱硫自动控制系统软件的编制及调试

根据KR搅拌式铁水脱硫的工艺流程、设备及操作特点,对铁水脱硫自动控制系统软件进行编制,并对软件调试中出现的问题加以解决,确保系统安全、可靠、高效运行。     

导管架式浅海石油平台的结构评估

介绍了应用挪威DNV船级社SESAM软件进行海上平台导管架结构的评估方法和程序,并得出评估结论.     

气溶胶采样头在无人机上安装位置的模拟

利用流体力学软件CFD对固定翼无人机在海拔1000m高处以30m/s速度飞行时采样头的最佳安装位置进行了模拟.首先利用ICEM CFD前处理软件对无人机模型进行了网格划分;然后利用FLUENT软件及其中的DPM模型先后对气相(连续相)和颗粒相(离散相)分别进行了数值模拟,最后用DPM模型模拟了从速度入口方向以30m/s速度释放粒径为1,2.5,10μm的颗粒物,由颗粒物的轨迹图得到了颗粒物在机身周围的阴影区和密集区厚度.得到主要结论如下:对于本研究中的无人机,在海拔1000m高处,采集PM1,PM2.5,PM10时的气溶胶采样头的最佳安装位置为机身下部距机头距离约42~75cm,采样头探头距机身下部壁面的距离分别应大于4,4,4.3cm,但不超过26cm(机身下部距地面距离).     

Priority areas for conservation of Old World vultures

The prosperity and well-being of human societies relies on healthy ecosystems and the services they provide. However, the biodiversity crisis is undermining ecosystems services and functions. Vultures are among the most imperiled taxonomic groups on Earth, yet they have a fundamental ecosystem function. These obligate scavengers rapidly consume large amounts of carrion and human waste, a service that may aid in both disease prevention and control of mammalian scavengers, including feral dogs, which in turn threaten humans. We combined information about the distribution of all 15 vulture species found in Europe, Asia, and Africa with their threats and used detailed expert knowledge on threat intensity to prioritize critical areas for conserving vultures in Africa and Eurasia. Threats we identified included poisoning, mortality due to collision with wind energy infrastructures, and other anthropogenic activities related to human land use and influence. Areas important for vulture conservation were concentrated in southern and eastern Africa, South Asia, and the Iberian Peninsula, and over 80% of these areas were unprotected. Some vulture species required larger areas for protection than others. Finally, countries that had the largest share of all identified important priority areas for vulture conservation were those with the largest expenditures related to rabies burden (e.g., India, China, and Myanmar). Vulture populations have declined markedly in most of these countries. Restoring healthy vulture populations through targeted actions in the priority areas we identified may help restore the ecosystem services vultures provide, including sanitation and potentially prevention of diseases, such as rabies, a heavy burden afflicting fragile societies. Our findings may guide stakeholders to prioritize actions where they are needed most in order to achieve international goals for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.     

Effects of connectivity and spatial resolution of analyses on conservation prioritization across large extents

The outcome of analyses that prioritize locations for conservation on the basis of distributions of species, land cover, or other elements is influenced by the spatial resolution of data used in the analyses. We explored the influence of data resolution on prioritization of Finnish forests with Zonation, a software program that ranks the priority of cells in a landscape for conservation. We used data on the distribution of different forest types that were aggregated to nine different resolutions ranging from 0.1 × 0.1 km to 25.6 × 25.6 km. We analyzed data at each resolution with two variants of Zonation that had different criteria for prioritization, with and without accounting for connectivity and with and without adjustment for the effect on the analysis of edges between areas at the project boundary and adjacent areas for which data do not exist. Spatial overlap of the 10% of cells ranked most highly when data were analyzed at different resolutions varied approximately from 15% to 60% and was greatest among analyses with similar resolutions. Inclusion of connectivity or edge adjustment changed the location of areas that were prioritized for conservation. Even though different locations received high priority for conservation in analyses with and without accounting for connectivity, accounting for connectivity did not reduce the representation of different forest types. Inclusion of connectivity influenced most the outcome of fine-resolution analyses because the connectivity extents that we based on dispersal distances of typical forest species were small. When we kept the area set aside for conservation constant, representation of the forest types increased as resolution increased. We do not think it is necessary to avoid use of high-resolution data in spatial conservation prioritization. Our results show that large extent, fine-resolution analyses are computationally feasible, and we suggest they can give more flexibility to implementation of well-connected reserve networks.     

水质模型、生态模型及计算机模型软件

本文系统地介绍了有关水环境主要的形态模型、表面络合模型、点源和非点源污染模型及其计算机模型软件,并着重阐述了生态模型的发展及应用等     

油库安全度评估模型研究与软件实现

针对原有的基于模糊综合评价法建立的油库安全度评估模型存在的不足,结合油库安全管理现状,从油库安全评估的内容、方法、实现形式等方面进行了油库安全度评估体系的完善,并以软件形式实现。通过实际应用,表明所建立的油库安全评估模型合理可行,评估软件可操作性强、实用。     

非等值冒落采空区“三带”考察及其模拟验证

为提高高位裂隙钻孔抽采采空区瓦斯的效果,必须掌握采空区"三带"特征。在理论分析的基础上,现场考察黄陵2号煤矿107工作面冒落带分布,结果表明:冒落带呈拱形分布,并且沿采空区横向对称,最大冒落高度为19 m。通过Fluent数值模拟方法,得出采空区瓦斯抽采的最佳区域,验证了现场考察冒落带非等值高度的正确性。这表明,在分析采空区"三带"特征时,应考虑冒落高度的非等值性,进而通过理论分析、现场考察、数值模拟等手段得出采空区抽采的最佳区域。     

圆形和直墙拱形地下隧道地震反应数值模拟对比分析

考虑土与结构动力相互作用的影响,将地基土—地铁区间隧道结构体系视为平面应变问题,建立了土—地铁区间隧道非线性动力相互作用的有限元分析模型,对圆形和直墙拱形隧道的地震反应进行了数值模拟;分析了在相同的埋深和场地条件的情况下不同隧道结构形式在不同地震动作用下的应力、加速度和相对水平位移反应特性。结果表明:圆形隧道结构的应力和相对水平位移反应明显小于直墙拱形隧道。从抗震设计角度考虑,选择隧道形状时应优先采用圆形隧道。