基于Factsage的金属硫化矿尘爆炸过程产物分析*

为研究金属硫化矿尘爆炸的过程与产物,预防与控制其粉尘发生爆炸,在20 L爆炸球中开展金属硫化矿尘爆炸试验,发现存在磁黄铁矿含量越高爆炸产物颜色越红的现象。为揭示这一现象的本质,应用XRD对爆炸产物进行分析,基于Factsage软件模拟计算黄铁矿矿尘与磁黄铁矿矿尘爆炸过程。结果表明:产物中含有的Fe2O3是主要致色原因;最终产物除固体Fe2O3外还存在气体SO2,SO3,反应中间过程主要固体产物为Fe2(SO4)3;在磁黄铁矿与黄铁矿含硫量相同或质量相同时,Fe2O3的生成量磁黄铁矿较黄铁矿多,且磁黄铁矿含硫量越多Fe2O3生成量越多,模拟计算结果与试验现象一致,研究结果可为分析金属硫化矿尘爆炸过程提供理论与数据支撑。     

一种分离式可降温安全帽设计

为了解决高温作业环境下安全帽内部微环境积热严重问题,运用ANSYS软件模拟分析了安全帽内部微环境积热的空间和时间分布情况。基于模拟结果,设计了一款分离式可降温安全帽,其由帽体、喷嘴、风管、风机和开关组成。在高温高湿环境下,模拟人员分别佩戴在帽衬带上装有温度传感器的普通安全帽和分离式可降温安全帽进行剧烈运动模拟高温作业人员高强度劳动,记录其温度变化。结果表明:分离式可降温安全帽有良好的降温效果,同时具有不破坏安全帽的结构和强度,几乎不增加安全帽重量,无噪声、无电磁辐射,拆装简便等优点。     

Hydractinia echinata test system. II. SAR toxicity study of some anilide derivatives of Naphthol-AS type

In this paper, a toxicity study for a series of anilides of Naphthol-AS type is presented. The toxicity of the model compounds was determined by using the Hydractinia echinata (Hydrozoa) test system. Conformational analysis of Naphthol-AS derivatives was performed to elucidate the possible enzymatic hydrolysis mechanism of these compounds. This mechanism occurs with different rates and always leads to a stoichiometric mixture of reaction products, consisting in the substituted amine and the corresponding α-hydroxy-carboxylic acid. With one exception, the toxicities of the reaction products are subadditive. Quite similar measured toxicity values, log(1/MRC₅₀), led to their average calculated values, and thus to the establishment of class isotoxicity. This method represents a practical alternative useful for the reduction of experimental tests on animals to the lowest possible level, in accordance to the ‘3Rs’ (reduction, refinement and replacement) concept.     

深圳市罗湖区道路交通噪声地图的制作与应用

以 SoundPLAN 软件为依托,将罗湖区城市主干道路及周边地物进行概化、建模,并根据实际监测数据调试参数,制作出罗湖区主干道路噪声分布地图,并对噪声污染严重路段防护措施进行效果模拟,为罗湖区道路交通噪声控制规划和整治以及建设项目审批管理等提供依据。     

基于OpenFOAM的城市街区毒气扩散模拟

为了对毒气扩散过程进行及时、有效的模拟,将开源计算流体动力学软件OpenFOAM与PISO算法(pressure implicit with splitting of operators,压力隐式算子分割算法)相结合,进行城市街区毒气扩散模拟研究. 将SIMPLE(semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations,压力耦合方程组的半隐式算法)与PISO算法进行了对比,指出以PISO算法为基础的数值模拟在城市街区这类大范围毒气扩散模拟中具有容差性强、计算较为稳定等优点. 以福州大学怡山校区为扩散区虚拟地理环境,选用氯气为假定毒气,利用OpenFOAM对氯气的扩散传播过程进行了模拟, 并与商用软件FLUENT在相同条件下的ρ(Cl₂)模拟结果进行了对比. 结果表明,结合PISO算法的OpenFOAM能够较好地完成复杂虚拟地理环境下的毒气扩散过程模拟,其ρ(Cl₂)模拟结果与FLUENT模拟结果的平均偏差小于5%,但在计算效率上却提高了41.89%.      

石油类污染物在包气带中的迁移预测——以兰州西固商业石油储备库为例

包气带在地表石油类污染物下渗到地下水的过程中扮演着重要角色,同时包气带受到污染必然会对周围环境,特别是植物的生长造成影响,从而影响人类自身。主要使用HYDRUS软件预测了兰州西固商业石油储备库的渗漏对包气带的影响,分正常工作状况和非正常工作状况两种情况。在正常工作状况下,从5000天到10000天,污染物浓度呈线性增加,到50年左右,包气带底部(下边界)污染物浓度接近0.1mg/cm3。在非正常工作状况下,包气带底部(下边界)浓度增加的速度要远远大于正常工作状况,到50年左右,包气带底部(下边界)浓度达0.5mg/cm3。预测结果可以为相应工作状况下饱和带的溶质迁移模型提供参考依据,对确定饱和带污染物的浓度具有重要的参考意义。     

河南省水环境自动监测网的设计与实现

设计了河南省水环境自动监测网的总体方案,经过充分的调查和专家反复论证,确定了水站、设备、通信网络以及软件的建设方案;重点从软件工程的角度研究了水质自动监测系统软件的设计,实现了基本信息查询和维护、水环境评价、水质报表输出等功能,实现了地表水水质监测日常事务处理和专业管理的自动化和科学化,提高了管理水平。     

高炉煤气袋式除尘器入口段数值模拟

烟气进入袋式除尘器时的分布状况是影响除尘效率和滤袋寿命的关键因素之一。利用Fluent软件对高炉煤气袋式除尘器入口段进行了数值模拟,分析了除尘器入口段气相速度场和压力场的分布情况,得到了该段气相流场的分布规律。模拟结果表明:除尘器入口段的气流分布不够均匀,有待进一步优化,模拟结果对装置运行及其优化设计有一定的理论指导意义。     

Establishing Representative No-Take Areas in the Great Barrier Reef: Large-Scale Implementation of Theory on Marine Protected Areas

Abstract:  The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, an area almost the size of Japan, has a new network of no-take areas that significantly improves the protection of biodiversity. The new marine park zoning implements, in a quantitative manner, many of the theoretical design principles discussed in the literature. For example, the new network of no-take areas has at least 20% protection per "bioregion," minimum levels of protection for all known habitats and special or unique features, and minimum sizes for no-take areas of at least 10 or 20 km across at the smallest diameter. Overall, more than 33% of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is now in no-take areas (previously 4.5%). The steps taken leading to this outcome were to clarify to the interested public why the existing level of protection was inadequate; detail the conservation objectives of establishing new no-take areas; work with relevant and independent experts to define, and contribute to, the best scientific process to deliver on the objectives; describe the biodiversity (e.g., map bioregions); define operational principles needed to achieve the objectives; invite community input on all of the above; gather and layer the data gathered in round-table discussions; report the degree of achievement of principles for various options of no-take areas; and determine how to address negative impacts. Some of the key success factors in this case have global relevance and include focusing initial communication on the problem to be addressed; applying the precautionary principle; using independent experts; facilitating input to decision making; conducting extensive and participatory consultation; having an existing marine park that encompassed much of the ecosystem; having legislative power under federal law; developing high-level support; ensuring agency priority and ownership; and being able to address the issue of displaced fishers.