差分吸收光谱法(DOAS)与紫外荧光法自动测量空气中SO2的对比

DOAS自动监测系统越来越广泛用于环境空气质量监测中SO2、NO2的监测,将差分吸收光谱法与紫外荧光法自动测量空气中SO2进行对比实验,并对监测结果进行讨论和统计检验,得出两种方法测定空气中的SO2,其监测结果具有较好的相关性、一致性、两者无显著性差异,在今后的监测工作中可用DOAS自动监测系统代替传统的干法点式自动监测系统监测SO2,以降低运行成本,减少仪器维护量,节约经费。     

Characterization of fulvic acids during olive mill waste composting (Elemental,Thermal and fluorescence analyses)

Elemental analysis, fluorescence spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to the study of fulvic acids isolated from different stages during olive mill waste composting. The fulvic extracted acids are characterized by a high nitrogen content and O/C ratio values that may result from the high degree of humification and the synthesis of more condensed humic complexes. This was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy in the synchronous-scan mode by the decrease of shoulder intensities at intermediate wavelengths indicating the increase of polycondensation and conjugation of unsaturated structures and the greater uniformity of fluorophores. Fluorescence spectra in the emission, excitation and synchronous modes became simpler with compost maturation. This was confirmed by DSC results which proved the high degree of polycondensation of aromatic nuclei of fulvic acid molecules during olive mill waste composting.     

氯化剂对超细颗粒物与重金属共生成特性的影响

以循环流化床反应器为实验平台,研究了焚烧温度为850℃下添加剂（NH₄Cl和KCl）对超细颗粒物与重金属共生成特性的影响.结果表明：NH₄Cl和KCl的存在均会降低超细颗粒物的数量浓度,但KCl的效果更佳,发挥的是阶梯式或者协同式作用.此外,添加比例为3%时对超细颗粒物数量浓度的降低最为明显.重金属Cr,Mn,Ni主要通过夹带方式形成超细颗粒物;而重金属Pb,Cu,Zn则主要通过蒸发、冷凝和吸附方式累积在超细颗粒物中.无机氯在焚烧过程中可以作为颗粒之间良好的粘合剂,促进超细颗粒物之间的成长和团聚,同时促进其表面形态的生长.此外,K的存在会促进细模态颗粒物之间的凝聚成长,使得细模态颗粒物的峰值增大,而NH₄⁺的存在会降低粗模态颗粒物的峰值.本研究可为污泥等废物热处理过程中重金属与超细颗粒物的协同控制提供借鉴.     

Valorization of agro-industrial fruit peel waste to fluorescent nanocarbon sensor: Ultrasensitive detection of potentially hazardous tropane alkaloid

• Transformation of agro-industrial waste to value-added material via green chemistry. • Orange peel is valorized into fluorescent nanodiamond-like carbon (fNDC) sensor. • fNDC detects potentially hazardous drug atropine sulfate (AS). • fNDC recognizes AS in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals. • fNDC assures applications in clinical and forensic toxicology. Millions of tonnes of agro-industrial waste are generated each year globally, with the vast majority of it going untreated, underutilized, and disposed of by burning or landfilling, causing severe environmental distress and economic downturn. A practical solution to this global issue is to use green chemistry to convert this waste into value-added products. Accordingly, in the present study, agro-industrial orange peel waste was valorized into fluorescent nanodiamond-like carbon sensor via a green route involving hydrothermal treatment of microwave carbonized orange peel waste. The developed sensor, used for the fluorescence detection of potentially hazardous drug atropine sulfate, exhibits unique dual linearity over concentration ranges of 300 nM to 1 M and from 1 M to 10 M, as well as ultra-low sensitivity of 34.42 nM and 356.46 nM, respectively. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent reproducibility, high stability, and satisfactory recovery when used to identify and quantify atropine sulfate in biological samples and commercially available pharmaceuticals, indicating promising multidisciplinary applications.     

基于高光谱特征提取的藻类叶绿素a反演模型

选取自然界中分布较广泛的小球藻和铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,进行室内藻类光谱试验,同步测定其ρ(叶绿素a),并分别建立基于混合高斯函数的小球藻和铜绿微囊藻高光谱信息模型. 在此基础上,利用模拟退火算法实现模型的非线性参数拟合,提取这2种藻的高光谱特征,通过非线性回归分析,反演得到分解后的高光谱信息模型的峰高(h_i)与ρ(叶绿素a)的定量模型,实现对水体中小球藻和铜绿微囊藻ρ(叶绿素a)的预测. 结果表明:藻类高光谱特征提取算法能有效揭示小球藻和铜绿微囊藻的光谱本质特征,并得出相应的小球藻和铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a反演模型.      

香港新机场侯机厅的基本几何结构特点及其火灾安全分区的简短回顾

描述了香港新机场侯机厅的基本几何结构特点,在没有扰乱机场的正常运作的情况下,对侯机厅的火灾安全分区进行了实地考查,对候机厅内的零售店发生轰燃所需的最小热释放速率进行了调查。     

基于光谱混合分析和反照率-植被盖度特征空间的土地荒漠化遥感评价

采用线性光谱混合分析模型对Landsat TM遥感影像进行混合像元分解,获取植被、裸土和水体组分的相对丰度分布;在反演地表反照率的基础上,构建了基于Albedo-Vegetation特征空间的土地荒漠化遥感监测模型;以黑河中游部分区域为例,进行了实证研究,并利用实地调查数据进行精度验证。结果表明:此方法充分利用了多维遥感信息,反映了荒漠化土地地表覆盖、水热组合及其变化,具有明确的生物物理意义,而且指标简单、易于获取,精度较高,有利于荒漠化的定量分析与监测。     

南京江北酸雨分布特征及其与气象条件的关系

通过对南京江北区降水酸性及成分进行了全面系统的测定和分析,发现南京江北酸雨大大重于市区,并具有秋高春低,雨水离子浓度高,电导值大,强酸度与高发率同时出现等明显分布特征。气象条件影响主要表现为:大气降水量、气温和相对湿度与酸雨pH和电导值呈反相关,与酸雨频率呈正相关;大气压强与酸雨pH和电导值呈正相关,与酸雨频率呈反相关;风向风速对酸性污染物输送具有明显的引导作用;冬春季节沙尘和灰霾天气入侵对酸雨具有减缓效应。     

基于CYCBD和麻雀搜索算法的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

目的解决在较强的噪声环境下最大二阶循环平稳盲解卷积(MaximumSecond OrderCyclostationary Blind Deconvolution,CYCBD)算法在滚动轴承故障特征提取时效果欠佳的问题,为滚转尾翼导弹的尾翼滚动轴承故障诊断提供方法参考。方法提出一种利用麻雀搜索算法(SparrowSearchAlgorithm,SSA)优化CYCBD算法的方法,将CYCBD算法解卷积的包络谱熵作为SSA寻优的适应度函数,利用SSA高效地寻找出合适的循环频率以及滤波器长度,选择自适应参数后,再使用CYCBD算法有效解卷得到周期脉冲特征。结果同时对比SSA优化CYCBD前后进行故障特征提取的包络谱图,CYCBD的噪声幅值不超过0.13 m/s^(2),峰值不超过0.29 m/s^(2),用SSA优化CYCBD的噪声幅值不超过0.08 m/s^(2),峰值不超过0.32 m/s^(2),故障频率成分更加突显,无论是噪声幅度,还是峰值幅度特性,均较CYCBD有了较大改善。结论仿真实验验证了SSA优化CYCBD方法能够更加清晰地辨识到故障特征频率及其倍频成分,其具有良好的工程应用前景。     

荧光化学传感器的制备及其在环境分析监测中的应用

随着荧光分析技术和传感技术的发展,荧光化学传感器已经成为一种重要的连续分析测量装置.它具有很高的选择性和灵敏度,可以实现对pH、溶解氧、含氮化合物、有毒害重金属离子、有机污染物进行实时和在线测定,因此在环境分析监测方面具有广泛的应用前景.简要介绍了荧光化学传感器的原理、制备及分类,综述了近年来荧光化学传感器的发展及其在环境分析监测中的最新研究成果,并探讨了荧光化学传感器在环境分析监测领域的应用前景和发展方向.