黄海和东海海域溶解氧的分布特征

根据黄河和东海海区四个季度的调查资料，描述了溶解氧的时空分布和变化规律。黄、东海溶解氧分布的基本特征是北高南低，西高东低，随着水温的变化，不同季节这一差别有所不同。黄、东海溶解氧平均值分别为495．4和420．3μmol/L，测定范围分别为90．2－681．9和133－9－692．8μmol/L。以长江口以东H断面为例，描述了夏季溶解氧的断面分布特征，在20－30m水层出现一氧跃层，30m以下垂直分布比较均匀。文中还深入研究了东海陆架区黑潮水溶解氧的分布特征和变化规律。     

农业面源污染及防治对策

农村面源污染源分布广泛,没有确切位置,其治理一直是个难题.由于化肥和农药的大量使用,农业面源污染已成为我国农村生态环境恶化的重要原因之一.本文对农业面源污染的特点、危害和现状进行了论述,并提出防治农业面源污染的具体防治对策和建议.     

环境补偿制度——解决环境问题的经济手段之一

为了保护环境，使环境资源可持续利用，应该建立环境补偿制度。环境补偿制度是解决环境问题的有效手段之一。从环境补偿的概念出发，对环境补偿制度的理论基础进行了探讨，为我国建立环境补偿制度提供依据。     

中国农村生活垃圾管理模式探讨——三级分化 有效治理农村生活垃圾

针对农村生活垃圾及其处理的特点，为降低难度更有效地处理好农村生活垃圾，提出了对农村生活垃圾进行三次分化。用不同措施分别处理不同特点的农村生活垃圾，从而使其处理难度和费用最小化。首先分类收集作为基础，按不同类别对农村生活垃圾进行收集；其次，分离出产生源集中、规模较大和成分较单一的乡镇街道、畜禽养殖场和乡村企业等三类农村垃圾进行专门管理；最后依据有机垃圾的不同特点，分成农业主导型、非农业主导型和城郊型三类区域进行专门的垃圾处理。     

流动注射荧光猝灭法测定环境水样中痕量磷

在硫酸溶液中，P(Ⅴ)与钼酸盐、钒酸盐生成磷钼钒杂多酸，使罗丹明6G荧光猝灭，据此建立了测定痕量磷的流动注射荧光猝灭方法。方法的测定范围为2～90μg／L,进样频率为35样/h。采用本法测定环境水样中痕量磷，结果令人满意。     

Synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra of Chlorella vulgaris solution

The characterization of the Chlorella vulgaris solution was carried out using synchronous-scan spectroscopy. The range of concentration of algae and Fe(III) in aqueous solutions were 5 × 10⁸–8 × 10⁹ cells l⁻¹ and 10–60 μM, respectively. Effective characterization method used was synchronous-scan fluorescence spectroscopy. The wavelength difference (Δλ) of 90 nm was maintained between excitation and emission wavelengths; 90 nm was found to be the best Δλ for effective characterization of Chlorella vulgaris solution with or without quencher species (e.g., Fe(III), humic acid (HA)) for the first time. The peak was observed at about EX 236.6 nm/EM 326.6 nm for synchronous-scan fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence quenching of algae in system of algae–Fe(III)–HA was studied using synchronous-scan spectroscopy for the first time. Fe(III) was clearly the effective quencher. The relationship between I₀/I (quenching efficiency) and c (concentration of Fe(III) added) was a linear correlation for the algae solution with Fe(III). Also, Aldrich humic acid was found to be an effective quencher. pH effect on synchronous-scan fluorescence intensity of algal solution with Fe(III) and/or HA was evident.     

Characterization of dissolved organic matter from saline soils by fluorescence spectroscopy

In this paper hydrophilic (HI) and hydrophobic (HO) fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soils at different degrees of salinisation were characterised by means of fluorescence spectroscopy in the emission, excitation and synchronous-scan modes. Results provided evidence of the different chemical nature of DOM fractions and allowed to distinguish hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions extracted from the same soil substrate. The strong decrease in fluorescence intensity observed with the increasing salinity of the soils can be utilised to obtain information on the salinity level of different soil substrates by comparison of spectral fluorescence intensities.     

双辊快速凝固技术的研究进展

综述了双辊快速凝固技术在凝固特征及组织方面的研究进展,讨论了相关工艺参数对产品质量的影响,并介绍了该技术的应用现状和发展前景.     

江南复合混杂岩带基本特征

江南复合混杂岩带是扬子板块与华夏板块长期活动所致，构造极为复杂。江南大地构造重新划分为三个1级构造单元：扬子板块、江南复合混杂岩带及华夏板块。江南复合混杂岩带又可进一步划分II级构造单元5个(宜丰一景德镇一歙县构造混杂岩亚带、万年构造单元、赣东北蛇绿混杂岩亚带、怀玉构造单元及丰城一鹰潭一龙游构造混杂岩亚带)；各构造单元之间以构造(蛇绿)混杂岩亚带或韧性剪切带相拼接。沿宜丰一景德镇一歙县发育一条构造花岗岩浆带；而沿赣东北断裂带形成了该区重要的燕山期构造岩浆带及Cu、Au、Ag、Pb、zn及金刚石等成矿带。     

110m3超大型步入式高低温湿热试验室技术特点

110m3超大型步入式高低温湿热试验室由国内设计制造,从产品的技术性能、结构、制冷系统、控制系统等方面介绍该试验室的特点.