Selective recovery of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from wastewater using bioelectrochemical system

As the bioelectrochemical system, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) and the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) were developed to selectively recover Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions from wastewater. The wastewater was treated in the cathode chambers of the system, in which Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions were removed by using the MFC and the MEC, respectively. At an initial Cu²⁺ concentration of 500 mg·L^-1, removal efficiencies of Cu²⁺ increased from 97.0%±1.8% to 99.0%±0.3% with the initial Ni²⁺ concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg·L^-1, and maximum power densities increased from 3.1±0.5 to 5.4±0.6 W·m^-3. The Ni²⁺ removal mass in the MEC increased from 6.8±0.2 to 20.5±1.5 mg with the increase of Ni²⁺ concentrations. At an initial Ni²⁺ concentration of 500 mg·L^-1, Cu²⁺ removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1%±0.3% to 74.2%±3.8% with the initial Cu²⁺ concentrations from 250 to 1000 mg·L^-1, and maximum power densities increased from 3.0±0.1 to 6.3±1.2 W·m^-3. Subsequently, the Ni²⁺ removal efficiencies decreased from 96.9%±3.1% to 73.3%±5.4%. The results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of selective recovery of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ from the wastewater using the bioelectrochemical system.     

石灰—硫酸亚铁法处理高浓度砷和氟酸性废水试验研究

采用二级石灰－硫酸亚铁法处理砷和氟浓度分别高达１１０ｍｇ／Ｌ和６５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以上的酸性废水。当一、二级控制条件分别为ｐＨ９．５和９．０、Ｆｅ／Ａｓ比为２．５和１５时，一级砷和氟去除率分别可达９９．５％和９４％，二级出口砷和氟残余浓度分别可低至０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ和１３．８ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ和Ｐｂ等重金属离子均达检不出水平。     

活性炭吸附回收高含量油气的研究

利用3种活性炭吸附分离汽油蒸汽和空气的混合气,研究了其吸附回收油气的动力学、热力学性能.活性炭ACl、AC3在20℃时的吸附容量分别为0.295 g/g、0.189 g/g,30 ℃时为0.284 g/g、0.165 g/g.活性炭吸附高含量油气时,吸附热高,如吸附油气摩尔分数为0.3 mol/mol时,吸附床温升达50～60 ℃.活性炭导热系数为0.15～0.20 W/m·℃,吸附过程可视为绝热吸附.建立了活性炭吸附油气热效应估算式,可用来评价活性炭吸附容量、进料油气摩尔分数、油气回收率与活性炭温升的关系.活性炭解吸宜先采取真空解吸,在解吸后期适当加入微量微热空气吹扫而深度脱附.解吸操作压力应低于1 kPa,解吸时间可控制在60 min内,热空气温度宜控制在50℃以下.油气吸附分离方法将主要用作其他分离方法的深度处理,以确保油气回收设备尾气达标排放.     

大港油田含油污泥热解处理实验研究

采用热解法对含油污泥进行处理.经过筛选,选取活性白土作为催化剂,分别研究反应时间、反应温度、加热速率和氮气吹扫量对热解处理效果的影响.4个影响因素对液相收率的影响顺序为:氮气吹扫量＞反应温度＞反应时间＞加热速率;对反应转化率的影响顺序为:反应温度＞反应时间＞氮气吹扫量＞加热速率.实验理想的反应参数为:反应时间60min,反应温度490℃,加热速率4℃/min,氮气吹扫量90 mL/min.     

废旧塑料综合利用技术的应用

废旧塑料的回收利用是环境污染控制所面临的一个重要课题,近年来,人们在这方面进行了大量的研究工作,取得了很多成果.详细叙述了国内外废旧塑料回收处理的方法,分析了我国在废旧塑料回收利用方面的现状及存在的问题,并对如何进一步开展废旧塑料回收利用工作提出了一系列切实可行的建议.     

磷酸铵镁结晶法去除和回收养猪废水中营养元素的实验研究

以模拟养猪废水为处理对象,进行了磷酸铵镁结晶小试实验,考察了pH值、NH4 、Mg2 、Ca2 和CO23-浓度对磷酸铵镁结晶反应的影响;利用扫描电镜-能谱分析仪(SEM-EDX)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对结晶产物进行了表征.结果表明,磷酸铵镁结晶反应的最佳pH值范围为9.5～10.5;随着NH4 与磷摩尔比的增加,磷的去除率增大;最佳的镁与磷的摩尔比为1.4:1,过高的镁盐投加量对提高反应效率作用不明显;Ca2 的存在对磷酸铵镁结晶产物的晶形、纯度均产生干扰,当Ca2 增至一定浓度时,反应将生成无定形的磷酸钙沉淀;CO2-3的存在会降低磷的去除率,但不影响磷酸铵镁的晶形与纯度.     

Recovery of phosphorus as struvite from sewage sludge ash

Phosphorus (P) is an element vital for all living organisms, yet the world's reserves of phosphate rock are becoming depleted. This study investigated an effective P recovery method from sludge ash via struvite precipitation. Results showed that more than 95% of the total P content was extracted from sludge ash by applying 0.5 mol/L HCl at a liquid/solid ratio of 50 mL/g. Although heavy metal leaching also occurred during P extraction, cation exchange resin efficiently removed the heavy metals from the P-rich solution. Orthogonal tests showed that the optimal parameters for P precipitation as struvite would be a Mg:N:P molar ratio of 1.6:1.6:1 at pH 10.0. X-ray diffraction analysis validated the formation of struvite. Further investigations revealed that the harvested precipitate had a high struvite content (97%), high P bioavailability (94%), and low heavy metal content, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer.     

活性氧化铝对水中磷的去除与回收研究

使用活性氧化铝作为吸附剂研究其对磷的吸附特性,并对不同提取剂对磷的回收效果进行了讨论.结果表明,活性氧化铝对使用蒸馏水、自来水及洱海入湖河流罗时江水配制的磷溶液有不同的磷吸附效果,其对3种不同磷溶液的吸附等温线模型均符合Langmuir模型,经计算得到理论最大吸附量分别为20.88、32.15和29.85 mg·g-1.通过吸附试验表明,电解质的存在对吸附效果有促进作用.pH值越低,活性氧化铝表面的Zeta电位越高,越有利于磷吸附.对比使用4种不同提取剂的试验结果表明,使用0.1 mol·L-1NaOH基本可以完全提取活性氧化铝吸附的磷.     

基于磷回收的低温微氧EBPR系统的表观与微观特性

在低溶解氧(DO=1mg/L)条件下启动2个厌氧/好氧交替运行的SBR(A/O-SBR),中温(22±1)℃SBR1和低温(14±1)℃SBR2,考察侧流磷回收工艺对低耗主流强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统污染物去除性能?微生物种群结构和磷回收潜能的影响.结果表明,SBR1和SBR2的脱氮及COD去除性能未受磷回收操作的影...     

废弃锂离子电池中金属的回收及钴酸锂的湿法合成

采用湿法回收并合成锂离子电池中钴酸锂。考察了不同的有机溶剂溶解粘结剂PVDF、不同酸浸条件对钴酸锂浸出效果的影响、碳酸钴和碳酸锂共沉淀物的焙烧条件,并对所获得的钴酸锂进行结构分析。结果表明,N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）作为溶解PVDF的溶剂效果最佳;当硫酸浓度6％、固液比1：30、30％的H2O：1．4mL／g、温度80℃、反应120min时为硫酸浸出最佳条件,此时钴的浸出率为92．3％,锂的浸出率为92．0％;合成LiCoO2时的焙烧温度在750℃较为合适。SEM分析表明,颗粒粒度小,分散性好。