满足新标准采用电除尘新技术改造的应用与分析

提出了现有电除尘器可采用余热利用节能、高频电源、双区结构、隔离振打等新技术进行提效节能改造的思路,分析了这些新技术的技术特性,并进行了实际案例剖析,对满足《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（GB13223-2011）烟尘排放的要求,形成现有电除尘器的新型改造模式具有重要参考价值。     

海上溢油回收技术研究

论述了厌氧-好氧(A/O)工艺的基本原理及工艺参数。该工艺在冀东油田两座废水处理站的应用结果表明,对废水中石油类物质、COD、硫化物去除效果明显。高一联合站及柳一联合站污水经处理后,石油类物质去除率分别为90.6%和96.0%;COD去除率分别为86.0%和91.6%;硫化物去除率分别为94.8%和98.2%,处理后的污水均达到一级排放标准。另外,采用厌氧-好氧工艺的成本相对较低,处理费用低于0.5元/m3。处理后的污水若回注地下,平均费用为4.7元/m3。     

含油污泥处理工艺研究进展

产生于污水处理过程中的含油污泥，其含水率很高并不易沉降而难于处理，对生产与环境保护构成了极大的危害。介绍了对浓缩干化、浮选除油、降粘压滤及萃取分离等方法的研究情况，着重介绍了以“气浮-萃取-压滤”为主体的草取分离处理工艺，该工艺不但可以消除含油污泥对环境的污染危害，还可以回收污泥中的污油，为其它有机物含量高的污泥处理提供了可借鉴之路。     

含钴镍废水的萃取处理研究

采用Ｎ２３５作萃取剂，在合适的酸度和氯离子浓度条件下，对含钴镍废水进行溶剂萃取处理，重点研究了酸度、氯离子浓度、萃取级数及反萃条件对钴镍分离效率的影响，试验结果表明，可以有效地回收利用废水中的钴和镍。     

硫脲法浸出回收炼锌废渣中的银

对用硫脲法从炼锌废渣中浸出回收银的工艺及其影响因素进行了研究;确定了最佳浸出工艺条件为：硫脲质量浓度１０ｇ／Ｌ,「Ｆｅ＾３＋」０．０１２５ｍｇ／Ｌ,液固比１０：１,浸出液ＰＨ１．５－２．０,浸出温度４０－６０℃;     

成都市市区固体生活垃圾现状分析和对策初探

本文介绍了成都市生活垃圾的现状与对策,包括近几年生活垃圾的产生量、组成和热值。根据生活垃圾的组成和热值,认为处理垃圾要逐步达到堆肥而实现资源化为主,适当发展焚烧发电处理,尽量减少填埋处理。     

Temporal Trends in Water Chemistry in the Turkey Lakes Watershed Ontario,Canada, 1982-1999

The Turkey Lakes Watershed (TLW) was established in 1980 as asite for study of the ecosystem effects of acidic deposition, andsince then there has been 40% reduction in North AmericanSO₂ emissions. Monitoring records for bulk deposition,shallow and deep ground water, two headwater streams and two lakeoutflows have been tested to identify statistically significantmonotonic trends. The TLW appears to be responding to decliningacidifying emissions because the most prevalent chemical trendacross sample types/stations was decreasing SO₄ ^2-. Increasing pH was detected in four of the seven data sets, butonly the H⁺ decrease in bulk deposition was of a magnitudeto be an important ionic compensation for the SO₄ ^2-decline. There is little evidence of acidification recovery inTLW waters however. Increasing alkalinity was found only in theoutflow of the penultimate lake of the basin, and in fact, deepground water and the other lake outflow had decreasing alkalinitytrends (i.e., continuing acidification). For the surface waterstations, the greater part of the ionic compensation fordeclining SO₄ ^2- was decreasing base cations, and as aresult, these waters are probably becoming more dilute with time,although only the headwater streams exhibited decliningconductivity. Five of seven data sets had increasing dissolvedorganic carbon concentrations. Increasing NO₃ ^- wasimportant in ground waters. Drought has strongly influencedtrends and delayed recovery by mobilizing S stored in catchmentwetlands and/or soils.     

废旧车用载钯催化剂中钯的浸出研究

针对汽车尾气的污染,汽车排气系统都安装有含铂族金属的汽车催化剂.废旧汽车催化剂已成为铂族金属重要的二次资源.本文采用湿法浸出整体式蜂窝陶瓷汽车催化剂中的铂族金属钯.氧化焙烧废汽车催化剂除去积炭和其他有机物,再磨细过筛100目后烘干.预处理过的废催化剂用还原剂HCOOH溶液将催化剂中氧化态钯转化为单质钯,在70℃恒温下,用盐酸和氧化剂NaClO3选择性浸出钯.本文比较了几种浸出方法的结果,考察了HCl-NaClO3浸出体系的几个因素对钯浸出的影响,确定了最佳浸出条件.实验结果表明,HCl-NaClO3浸出体系在优化条件下能完全浸出催化剂中的钯,该方法可以用于钯的回收和对催化剂中的钯进行定量分析.     

塔里木河下游应急输水植被恢复现状与问题

对塔里木河应急输水进行了介绍,比较了应急输水前后主要断面植被恢复状况,分析了应急输水后植被恢复的特征与存在的问题,提出了巩固植被恢复效果、扩大植被恢复面积及有效保护植被的措施和建议。     

The reversible process concept applied to the environmental management of large river systems

The wetland ecosystems occurring within alluvial floodplains change rapidly. Within the ecological successions, the life span of pioneer and transient stages may be measured in several years or decades depending on the respective influences of allogenic (water dynamics, erosion, and deposition) and autogenic developmental processes (population dynamics, eutrophication, and terrestrialization). This article emphasizes the mechanisms that are responsible for the ecosystem changes and their importance to environmental management. Two case studies exemplify reversible and irreversible successional processes in reference to different spatial and temporal scales. On the scale of the former channels, the standing-water ecosystems with low homeostasis may recover their previous status after human action on the allogenic processes. On the scale of a whole reach of the floodplain, erosion and deposition appear as reversible processes that regenerate the ecological successions. The concepts of stability and reversibility are discussed in relation to different spatiotemporal referential frameworks and different levels of integration. The reversible process concept is also considered with reference to the energy inputs into the involved subsystems. To estimate the probability of ecosystem regeneration or the cost of restoration, a concept of degrees of reversibility is proposed.