氯乙酸母液氢解制氯乙酸

以氯乙酸母液和氢气为原料，开发了氢解制氯乙酸的新工艺。文中介绍了氢解了反应原理和工艺流程，并介绍了母液预处理，催化剂筛选及氢解反应条件等试验。中试验连续运转的结果表明，工艺路线合理可行，催化剂活性稳定，单程氢解产品产率达到９４％以上，产品氯乙酸的质量达到行业标准，装置运行安全可靠。     

Recovery of Acidified Lakes: Lessons From Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Over 7,000 lakes around Sudbury, Ontario, Canada were acidified by S deposition associated with emissions from the Sudbury metal smelters and more distant S sources. Air pollution controls have led to widespread changes in damaged Sudbury lakes, including increased pH and decreased concentrations of SO₄, metals and base cations. While chemical improvements have often been substantial, many lakes are still acidified, although water quality recovery is continuing. Biological recovery has been observed in some lakes among various groups of organisms including fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton and zoobenthos. Generally, however, biological recovery is still at an early stage. Lakes around Sudbury are also showing that the recovery of acid-damaged lakes is closely linked to the effects of other major environmental stressors such as climate change, base cation depletion and UV-B irradiance. Future studies of the recovery of acid-damaged lakes around Sudbury, and in other regions, will need to consider the interactions of these and other stressors.     

废油基钻井液处理及油回收技术研究

目前现场处理废油基钻井液一般采用集中填埋或回注地层方法,这不仅难以解决其污染问题,同时也浪费了其中所含有的大量柴油资源。通过大量的实验室和现场试验研究,使用“化学热洗-析油-离心”处理工艺,油回收率达到84%以上;研制开发出的清油剂-凝聚剂-絮凝剂化学热洗配方体系,适用于多种废油基钻井液的回收油处理,具有较好的工业推广应用前景。     

天然气脱硫回收工艺的职业病危害及防护措施

天然气中常含有硫化氢、一氧化碳和有机硫等酸性组分,酸性组分的存在会造成金属腐蚀、环境污染并进而危害人体健康等。文章简单介绍了天然气脱硫净化及硫磺回收工艺,重点对天然气生产过程中所产生的硫化氢、甲烷、硫磺、二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氮氧化物、噪声、高温等职业病危害因素进行了识别,分析并介绍了其影响及防护措施。     

离子色谱法测定植物叶片中氟的探讨

植物叶片中氟的测定一般采用离子选择电极法,离子色谱法对其测定还鲜见报道,本文对用离子色谱方法测定植物叶片中的氟进行了探讨。     

国内外炼油废水深度处理及回用现状与展望

对国内外炼油废水深度处理与回用的现状作了比较,并针对炼油废水处理与回用技术进行了展望。     

油气回收技术研究

对不同的油气回收技术进行了分析比较。分析了冷凝法、吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法对油气回收的优缺点。及回收效果影响因素。认为油气回收装置的应用将为石化企业带来明显的社会、环境效益及经济效益。     

牛仔布染色废水中的靛蓝回收技术研究

文章研究了从牛仔布染色废水中回收靛蓝染料的方法。取自常州某印染厂的染色废水中,其靛蓝含量为249.6mg/L。经预处理-晶体再析-膜回收处理工艺,成功的回收了废水中的靛蓝染料。首先通过显微镜观察、统计废水中的纤维和颗粒大小,选用聚丙烯无纺布PP25预处理,过滤除去废水中的纤维及大颗粒杂质;然后加酸调节pH值至6,鼓空气氧化30min,将隐色体靛蓝氧化为氧化态的固体靛蓝析出,后调pH至4,有效削弱表面活性剂的增溶作用,实现靛蓝晶体再析,同时破坏废水中的胶体物质,减轻后续分离过程中对膜的污染;处理过后的靛蓝染色废水经PE微滤膜过滤,靛蓝染料可全部截留。膜孔径0.2μm,所得靛蓝含量达50.17%,出水在660nm波长下的吸光度为0.02,色度、浊度分别降低99.2%和99.5%,COD去除率达80.6%。该工艺回收靛蓝染料的同时,废水水质有很大程度的改善,减轻了废水的后处理负担。     

磷化氢净化技术及其展望

文章介绍了磷化氢的基本特性及对环境和人体造成的危害,结合近年来国内外有关磷化氢污染治理技术的主要研究成果,对各种去除治理技术的原理、优缺点进行了综合的评述,指出了磷化氢去除过程中存在的主要问题,提出了净化提浓磷化氢并使其资源化的新途径。     

Evaluation of zeolites synthesized from fly ash as potential adsorbents for wastewater containing heavy metals

Both pure-form zeolites (zeolites A and X) were synthesized by applying a two-stage method during hydrothermal treatment of fly ash prepared initial gel. The difference of adsorption capacity of both fly ash-synthesized zeolits was assessed under the same adsorption conditions. Copper and zinc were chosen as target heavy metal ions. It was found that adsorption capacity of zeolite A showed much higher value than that of zeolite X. Thus, attention was focused on investigating the removal performance of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution on the synthetic pure-form zeolite A from fly ash, zeolite HS (hydroxyl-solidate) prepared from the residual fly ash (after synthesis of pure-form zeolite A from fly ash) and a commercial grade zeolite A. Batch method was employed to study the influential parameters such as initial pH value, adsorbents dosage and adsorption temperature on the adsorption process. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir model and showed the affinity: Cu2+ > Zn2+ (adsorbent FA-ZA). The removal mechanism of metal ions followed adsorption and ion exchange processes. Attempts were also made to recover heavy metal ions and regenerate adsorbents (adsorbent FA-ZA).