The impact of Hurricane Rita on an academic institution: lessons learned

This paper examines the impact of Hurricane Rita on one of the many universities along the Gulf Coast of the United States: Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas. Hurricane Rita, which made landfall between Sabine Pass, Texas, and Johnson's Bayou, Louisiana, on 24 September 2005, is the fourth strongest Atlantic Ocean hurricane on record and the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed in the Gulf of Mexico. This paper assesses the tasks that confronted the administration, faculty, and students of Lamar University in the days and weeks after the event. It concludes that the one factor that will influence more than any other the degree of success after any disaster is whether all levels of the administrative command institutionalise, endorse, promote, and encourage the adopted recovery plan. The research seeks to share valuable insights on the vulnerabilities that academic institutions face during natural disasters and to highlight some of the many lessons learned.     

汶川地震与唐山地震损失与救助之对比

1976年发生的唐山7.8级地震与2008年发生的汶川8.0级地震,是近年来破坏程度深、影响范围广的两次特大地震灾害,造成的人员伤亡与经济损失都是惨重与巨大的。但是,不同时代背景下,参数相近的两次地震在灾后救援与救助方面却相差甚远,表现在军队人数调动、受伤人口抢救、恢复重建资金投入、国内外援助、保险再保险分担等方面。着重对比了以上几方面后得出结论:在各项应急预案颁布并实施后,我国灾害救援工作更加有序,提高了救援效率;同时,保险与再保险的参与也减轻了政府负担,为灾民自主开展家园的恢复重建提供了便捷与保障。     

微生物治理电镀废水的研究

在微生物净化去除电镀废水中金属离子的基础研究、小试、中试的基础上,设计了微生物治理电镀废水及污泥的新工艺,建成日处理１７５ｔ电镀废水工程,３年多的运行表明,该系统稳定、安全可靠、对各种金属离子的一次净化率达９９．９％以上,排放水中的Ｃｒ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ、ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ、ＳＳ、ｐＨ、色度和ＮＨ３－Ｎ等均优于国家ＧＢ８９７８－８８污水综合排放标准,污泥中重金属用化学法回收,回收率大于８５     

膜分离技术治理糠醛废水

糠醛生产废水中含1—2.5％的乙酸,若废水外排,会造成大量损失且污染环境.通过30—80对膜组装的400×800mm电渗析器中试操作,回收了浓度为20％的乙酸,再经萃取、精馏工艺得到工业一级乙酸.治理后的废水含酸量为0.02—0.05％,可安全排放及回用.中试技术指标优于小试,重现良好.     

Ecological recovery of vegetation at a former industrial sludge basin and its implications to phytoremediation

Examination of a former industrial sludge basin containing organic pollutants showed that the basin had undergone substantial ecological recovery through natural forces following the removal of surface water in 1982. Conventional phases of ecological recovery (plant invasion and succession) have occurred, but the structure of the biodiverse plant community (51 species and 22 families) was different from that at a recovering non-polluted disturbed site. Three plant species (Bermuda grass, mulberry, and sunflower) believed to be early invaders of the basin still persist in large numbers indicating that these species are well suited to cope with normal environmental stresses at this area (i.e. seasonal drought and flood) as well as organic pollutants. There was an indication that early invaders of the site fostered disappearance of contaminants thereby creating more favorable conditions for a broader spectrum of plants to grow. Vegetation analyses of naturally vegetated hazardous waste sites hold promise as a screening device for identifying plant species and management practices worthy of further phytoremediation investigations.     

含铜蚀刻废液的回收与利用

某酸性蚀刻废液和碱性蚀刻废液混合得到沉淀物———Cu(OH)Cl,过滤后该沉淀物可与浓H2SO4反应生成CuSO4产品,而残留废水中的Cu2 可通过Na2S去除。实验室小试结果表明,当该酸性和碱性蚀刻废液以5∶13的体积比混合时,可以使Cu(OH)Cl得到最大限度的沉淀(96.53%的铜沉淀);当以15∶4的质量比(Na2S∶Cu2 )投加Na2S时,残留废水中的Cu2 可以最大限度的去除(98.78%的铜离子得到去除)。此后的工程实践对具体的工艺操作进行了调试,验证了此工艺回收与利用含铜蚀刻废液的可行性。     

废旧三元锂离子电池回收利用碳足迹

公路运输是我国交通运输领域主要温室气体排放源,新能源汽车行业作为实现交通运输领域“双碳”目标的重要抓手,未来面临大批动力电池报废情况,为量化评估废旧锂电池回收利用行业产生的碳减排效益,从生命周期角度构建废旧三元锂电池回收利用碳足迹核算模型,通过优化电力结构和运输结构,对废旧锂电池回收利用的碳减排潜力作预测评估,此外,使用误差传播方程进行不确定性分析保证碳足迹结果的可靠有效.结果表明,当前中国企业使用湿法技术回收1 kg废旧三元锂电池的碳足迹为-2760.90 g（定向循环工艺）和-3752.78 g（循环再造工艺）,碳足迹的不确定性分别为16 %（定向循环工艺）和15 %（循环再造工艺）.从碳排放贡献率分析,再生产品阶段是废旧三元锂电池湿法回收利用减碳首要贡献来源,电池获取、拆解和末端处置阶段是增碳主要来源.相比于优化运输结构,通过优化电力结构,可有效实现更大的碳减排潜力,协同优化情景下,相比于优化前可实现14 %~19 %的碳减排,与原生产品相比定向循环工艺和循环再造工艺分别可实现9 %和11 %的减排潜力.     

热管在空调热回收中的应用

空调系统的排风中存在大量低位热能。热管传热系数高,结构简单,是空调系统低位热能回收的有效手段。介绍了热管的结构特点、种类和原理,对目前常见的空调热回收装置进行了对比,论述了国内外热管技术的研究现状及其在空调热回收方面的应用。证明热管在降低能耗、减少热污染和环境保护方面有明显的优势,具有良好的经济和社会效益。同时也简述了当前的热管技术中存在一些问题和未来的发展方向。     

固体废物的资源化和综合利用技术

固体废物对环境的污染已越来越多地引起世人关注,治理固体废物的根本出路除减少产生量外,资源化与综合利用是最积极的措施。文中简要的介绍了固体废物资源化的有关技术和我国开展固体废物综合利用的措施及手段。