Assessing the impact of the U.S. Endangered Species Act recovery planning guidelines on managing threats for listed species

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of the United States was enacted in 1973 to prevent the extinction of species. Recovery plans, required by 1988 amendments to the ESA, play an important role in organizing these efforts to protect and recover species. To improve the use of science in the recovery planning process, the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) commissioned an independent review of endangered species recovery planning in 1999. From these findings, the SCB made key recommendations for how management agencies could improve the recovery planning process, after which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service redrafted their recovery planning guidelines. One important recommendation called for recovery plans to make threats a primary focus, including organizing and prioritizing recovery tasks for threat abatement. We sought to determine the extent to which results from the SCB study were incorporated into these new guidelines and whether the SCB recommendations regarding threats manifested in recovery plans written under the new guidelines. Recovery planning guidelines generally incorporated the SCB recommendations, including those for managing threats. However, although recent recovery plans have improved in their treatment of threats, many fail to adequately incorporate threat monitoring. This failure suggests that developing clear guidelines for monitoring should be an important priority in improving ESA recovery planning.     

Current practices in the identification of critical habitat for threatened species

The term critical habitat is used to describe the subset of habitat that is essential to the survival and recovery of species. Some countries legally require that critical habitat of listed threatened and endangered species be identified and protected. However, there is little evidence to suggest that the identification of critical habitat has had much impact on species recovery. We hypothesized that this may be due at least partly to a mismatch between the intent of critical habitat identification, which is to protect sufficient habitat for species persistence and recovery, and its practice. We used content analysis to systematically review critical habitat documents from the United States, Canada, and Australia. In particular, we identified the major trends in type of information used to identify critical habitat and in occupancy of habitat identified as critical. Information about population viability was used to identify critical habitat for only 1% of the species reviewed, and for most species, designated critical habitat did not include unoccupied habitat. Without reference to population viability, it is difficult to determine how much of a species’ occupied and unoccupied habitat will be required for persistence. We therefore conclude that the identification of critical habitat remains inconsistent with the goal of protecting sufficient habitat to support persistence and recovery of the species. Ensuring that critical habitat identification aligns more closely with its intent will improve the accuracy of the designations and may therefore help improve the benefits to species recovery when combined with adequate implementation and enforcement of legal protections.     

我国废弃电子电器产品的回收体系研究

分析了废弃电子电器产品的特点，介绍了国内外废弃电丰电器产品的回收处理现状，结合生产者责任延伸制度，从观念、法律、管理、企业、收费等方面对我国废弃电子电器产品回收体系的建设进行了探讨，并提出了建议。     

目的地旅游危机后恢复管理系统模型构建研究

从旅游危机的影响路径和旅游危机影响机理可知,旅游危机后恢复管理模型应建立在旅游者风险感知基础之上。旅游危机后恢复过程主要有停滞期、起步期、发展期、归位期和分异期等5个阶段,按照递进关系,旅游危机后恢复管理系统模型主要由贯穿整个管理系统的信息沟通管理系统、外在政策环境支持系统、旅游恢复管理措施系统等三部分构成。     

城市污泥的资源化与防治措施

本文根据有关资料，简要介绍了污水污泥的几种处理和再利用的方法．指出污水污泥的再利用即资源化是污泥处理的重要方向。     

不同复苏方法对阴树脂复苏效果的影响研究

研究了直接酸洗复苏法、树脂转为氯型后酸洗复苏法、氯化钠转型后用次氯酸钠氧化复苏法、次氯酸钠氧化后用盐碱混液复苏法、双氧水氧化后用盐碱混液复苏法等五种不同的复苏方法对铁和有机物污染树脂复苏效果的影响。结果表明：复苏方法不同时，亚铁离子污染树脂的复苏效果和铁离子污染树脂的复苏效果是不相同的，同时可看出，双氧水氧化后盐碱混液复苏法复苏铁污染树脂的效果最好；五种不同的复苏方法对腐植酸污染的树脂都有较好的复苏效果，且复苏效果相差不大。     

油藏微生物群落分布及提高采收率的模拟实验研究

对取自大庆油田各类油藏的126个地层油水样品中部分微生物进行了培养计数和分析,检测出大庆油田地层水中含有好氧和厌氧微生物9类.在此基础上,进行了微生物提高石油采收率的物理模拟试验.结果表明,通过激活油藏地层水中的微生物,可以使油藏压力上升0.2MPa,并提高采收率幅度9%以上.     

关于钨冶炼收尘装置的研究

本文是关心钨冶炼收尘装置的研究，文章主要就钨精矿焙烧的收尘问题提出了一种新的收尘设备，使钨精矿焙烧的收尘效率达到99％。     

宁夏再生资源回收利用现状、存在问题和对策

宁夏地区再生资源的回收利用,对推动当地循环经济的发展和环境保护起着非常重要的作用。通过实地调查研究,分析了宁夏再生资源回收利用行业的现状、特点及问题,并提出了发展当地再生资源回收利用行业的对策和建议。