嵌入式旁路污泥减量污水处理系统研究

为了减少活性污泥工艺中剩余污泥的产量以及解决目前污水处理厂无机物积累的问题,开发了一种集旁路污泥减量、污泥淤砂分离、侧流化学除磷、强化氮磷去除于一体的嵌入式旁路污泥减量污水处理系统,中试反应器规模10m3/d,并稳定运行超过90d.试验结果表明:出水ρ(NH4+-N)、ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)、ρ(COD)分别为(0.5±0.3),(8.6±1.6),(0.14±0.04),(26.8±8.8)mg/L,出水水质能够稳定的达到一级A标,并且远低于其限值.系统运行期间,活性污泥系统的MLVSS/MLSS值逐渐升高,其值从初始的0.33增加到了0.52;该工艺系统有效的防止了无机颗粒在活性污泥系统中的积累.在系统稳定运行过程期间,其表观产率系数Yobs为0.103gVSS/gCOD,该工艺系统展示了良好的污泥减量性能.     

The self‐built ecovillage in L'Aquila,Italy: community resilience as a grassroots response to environmental shock

The paper applies the community resilience approach to the post‐disaster case of Pescomaggiore, an Italian village affected by the L'Aquila earthquake in 2009. A group of residents refused to accept the housing recovery solutions proposed by the government, opting for autonomous recovery. They developed a housing project in the form of a self‐built ecovillage, characterised by earthquake‐proof buildings made of straw and wood. The project is a paradigmatic example of a community‐based response to an external shock. It illustrates the concept of ‘community resilience’, which is widely explored in the scientific debate but still vaguely defined. Based on qualitative methodologies, the paper seeks to understand how the community resilience process can be enacted in alternative social practices such as ecovillages. The goal is to see under which conditions natural disasters can be considered windows of opportunity for sustainability.     

某金矿选矿厂粉尘回收的环境经济效益分析

针对某金矿选矿厂破碎筛分粉尘污染,采用袋式除尘技术,优化管道系统,不但实现了现场粉尘污染的有效控制和烟气达标排放,还回收有价金属粉尘并予以利用。项目的实施取得了良好的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益。项目年回收有价金属粉尘263．76 t ,直接经济效益21．1万元／a;通过人力资本法测算,项目实施产生的间接经济效益约为118．38万元。     

碱回收锅炉结构特点及安全性控制

碱回收锅炉是碱法和硫酸盐法造纸工艺的关键设备,我国现阶段碱回收炉均采用自然循环敷管炉墙全钢架吊挂结构,炉膛采用鳍片水冷壁、全密封焊接而成。通过对碱回收锅炉结构及运行特点进行分析,结合实际介绍了碱回收炉设计制造、安装过程、监督检验过程提高安全性的一些强化措施,并指出了在安装和检验过程应重点关注的一些问题。     

Microfinance institutions and a coastal community's disaster risk reduction,response, and recovery process: a case study of Hatiya,Bangladesh

Several researchers have examined the role of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in poverty alleviation, but the part that they play in disaster risk reduction remains unaddressed. Through an empirical study of Hatiya Island, one of the most vulnerable coastal communities of Bangladesh, this research evaluates perceptions of MFI support for the disaster risk reduction, response, and recovery process. The findings reveal no change in relation to risk reduction and income and occupation aspects for more than one‐half of the clients of MFIs. In addition, only 26 per cent of them have witnessed less damage as a result of being members of MFIs. One can argue, though, that the longer the membership time period the better the disaster preparedness, response, and recovery process. The outcomes of this study could help to guide the current efforts of MFIs to enhance the ability of coastal communities to prepare for and to recover from disasters efficiently and effectively.     

Urban disaster recovery: a measurement framework and its application to the 1995 Kobe earthquake

This paper provides a framework for assessing empirical patterns of urban disaster recovery through the use of statistical indicators. Such a framework is needed to develop systematic knowledge on how cities recover from disasters. The proposed framework addresses such issues as defining recovery, filtering out exogenous influences unrelated to the disaster, and making comparisons across disparate areas or events. It is applied to document how Kobe City, Japan, recovered from the catastrophic 1995 earthquake. Findings indicate that while aggregate population regained pre‐disaster levels in ten years, population had shifted away from the older urban core. Economic recovery was characterised by a three to four year temporary boost in reconstruction activities, followed by settlement at a level some ten per cent below pre‐disaster levels. Other long‐term effects included substantial losses of port activity and sectoral shifts toward services and large businesses. These patterns of change and disparity generally accelerated pre‐disaster trends.     

The experience of waste minimization at a nitrocellulose manufacturing plant

This article describes how Taiwan nitrocellulose industrial company (TNC) applies the structured methodology developed by the U.S. environmental protection agency (USEPA) to reduce, recycle and recover the wastes generated at its Taoyuan plant. The company has generated significantly less amounts of wastes, improved the competitiveness in the international market and met more stringent environmental regulations since conducting the minimization program in the late 1980s. The experience gained at the Taoyuan plant is being applied to other plants in China and Philippines.     

从制药厂废醪中回收蛋白质

采用凝聚沉降法从制药厂废醪中回收蛋白质。介绍了该法的原理、凝聚剂筛选和工艺条件试验情况。确定了最适宜的工艺条件：废醪等电点的ｐＨ为３．５,它与凝聚剂０．５ｍｉｌ／Ｌ硫酸铁铵溶液的适宜体积比约为（８０～１３０）：１。讨论了温度和时间对凝聚效果的影响。在适宜工艺条件下粗蛋白的回收率可达到９６％以上。     

某化工厂氟污染物在环境中的分布特征研究

本文根据对温岭市五洲化工厂氟污染因子在周围环境三相中分布特征的调查研究,得出了氟的三相分布特征。结果表明,氟已污染了该厂附近的土壤环境和水环境。并根据氟的三相分布关系,结合生产工艺,分析了氟污染的传播途径,进而提出了该厂防治氟污染的有效措施。     

Theorizing distributive justice and the practice of post-disaster housing recovery

This paper examines the implications of contemporary conceptions of distributive justice for post-disaster recovery programmes. The question asked in this paper is essentially theoretical: what does a concern with distributive justice entail when developing and evaluating post-disaster recovery programmes? Housing recovery programmes are employed to provide a contextual grounding for the discussion. We present a review of the disaster recovery literature and recent programmes of post-disaster housing recovery to map the ways in which distributive justice have been theorized, interpreted, debated and put into practice. We reflect on what different principles of distributive justice imply for post-disaster recovery programmes in terms of their impact on opportunities for individuals and communities to recover from disasters, and also on their realizing possibilities of advancing justice in the post-disaster society. The paper concludes by outlining a number of dimensions of a pluralist account of distributive justice. Using these dimensions and taking into account tensions within and between them, we attempt to offer a framework for reflecting on and assessing distributive arrangements of disaster recovery programmes.