Long-term study of palladium in road tunnel dust and sewage sludge ash

The present work summarizes data about palladium contents of road tunnel dust from 1994 to 2007 and sewage sludge ash from 1972 to 2006. Since palladium is emitted from automotive catalytic converters as elemental particles, road dust is quiet useful to study traffic-related Pd emissions. Very high Pd values of up to 516 μg Pd kg⁻¹ were found in the road dust samples collected in 2007. Heavy metals of all urban emissions, also dental practice effluent, are enriched in sewage sludge ash and thus this matrix is useful for the documentation of palladium emission caused by the use of Pd alloys in dental medicine. In sewage sludge ash highest Pd contents of maximum 460 μg Pd kg⁻¹ were found in the years 1986-1997. In both matrices correlations of Pd content to Pd demand of industry are discussed.     

调质对垃圾焚烧飞灰烧结处理的影响

为提高经磷酸预处理后的焚烧飞灰在烧结处理过程中的烧结体机械强度,研究了添加SiO2或粉煤灰进行调质,其添加比例对烧结温度和烧结体性能的影响。同时进一步研究了利用硼酸钠作为助熔剂对焚烧飞灰烧结试验影响。结果表明,在烧结温度为1 150℃时,添加30%或者更低比例的SiO₂,或添加20%比例的粉煤灰,焚烧飞灰烧结体已经具有足够的抗压强度和致密化程度。添加5%的硼酸钠时,坯体烧结温度在1 050℃,而添加10%的硼酸钠时烧结温度可降低至980℃。     

粉煤灰处理阴离子表面活性剂废水及机理研究

采用粉煤灰作为吸附混凝剂,研究了粉煤灰对阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)模拟废水的去除效果及机理.结果表明,粉煤灰投加量和pH值对去除效果有较大影响;在200 mL 50 mg/L的SDS溶液中,调节pH值为13,加入70 g粉煤灰,搅拌20min时,SDS的去除率为83.3％.粉煤灰对SDS的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温式.     

Wastewater remediation using coal ash

 Small-scale domestic septic tanks discharge excess nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as pathogens, which can degrade local water supplies. Unfortunately, traditional chemical and physical treatments are not practicable for single-home dwellings. This work reports on a potentially attractive solution to protect local water supplies by using a low-cost industrial waste, coal ash, for contaminant removal. Coal ash is produced as a consequence of electric power generation. The majority of the ash is disposed of in landfills and surface impoundments, or stored on- or off-site, producing large hills or leveling valleys. Only a small portion of the ash is ever utilized, mainly by cement industries and road construction. For example, in Canada less than 25% is used. Therefore, if useful applications can be found, an opportunity exists to make better use of this waste material. Bench-scale laboratory experiments and full-scale field tests show that coal ash has the capacity to remove phosphorus from domestic waste water. The experimental and field data demonstrate that phosphate levels and calcium levels can be correlated, although not in a simple manner. In addition, the ash in packed beds removed total suspended solid (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃—N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and E. coli. The removal of E. coli was close 100% in the cases studied. Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 5, 2002     

用粉煤灰制备新型水处理滤料

采用添加有机造孔剂的方法，以粉煤灰为主要原料、粘土为粘接剂，经造球和高温烧结等工艺，成功地开发出轻质多孔球形生物滤料。经优化，其基本工艺参数为：粉煤灰加入量55％(质量分数)、粘土加入量45％(质量分数)、造孔剂加入量5％(质量分数)，烧结温度1050—1150℃，烧成保温时间10min。制备的新型滤料产品孔径分布为5—25nm，比表面积为8—9m^2／g，与传统的生物滤料相比具有视密度小、比表面积大和表面粗糙易挂膜等优点。     

改性粉煤灰降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验研究

探讨以粉煤灰为戴体制备粉煤灰/TiO2复合物进行光催化降解亚甲基蓝试验.研究各种因素对亚甲基蓝光降解反应的影响,结果表明,当改性粉煤灰投加量为8g/L,亚甲基蓝浓度30 mg/L,高压汞灯250w条件下,在60min左右,亚甲基蓝降解率达到了95%以上.     

粉煤灰在重金属废水处理中的应用

粉煤灰是一种可再资源化的工业固体废弃物。利用粉煤灰对重金属废水进行处理可谓是一种以废治废、变废为宝、实现废物综合利用的有效途径。综述了粉煤灰吸附法在重金属废水处理中的国内外研究现状,展望了该方法的应用前景。     

粉煤灰在分散染料模拟废水混凝处理中的助凝试验研究

研究了粉煤灰作为助凝剂在分散黄染料废水处理中的应用。小试结果表明,粉煤灰作为助凝剂的最佳投加量为3g/L,pH值范围为5.7~6.7。达到相同脱色率的情况下,使用粉煤灰为助凝剂比单独使用絮凝剂时可节约10%~15%的聚合氯化铝(PAC),还可加速絮体沉降,改善污泥脱水性能,污泥体积可减少约1/3。      

垃圾焚烧飞灰浸出液中铅的检测方法对比及干扰排除

采用HJ/T 300-2007醋酸缓冲溶液法对飞灰样品进行毒性浸出,对浸出液中的铅含量分别采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)3种方法进行检测对比。结果表明:AAS和ICP-AES测试时浸出液中含量1%的钙对铅产生严重干扰,使测定结果偏高5倍以上。干扰程度与钙浓度呈正比;ICP-MS测试结果准确度高,基本无干扰、并对干扰排除方法进行了介绍。     

沸腾炉粉煤灰的特性研究

沸腾炉排出的粉煤灰与煤粉炉排出的粉煤灰在性质上有很大差异。沸腾炉粉煤灰主要由不规则状的细分散颗粒组成,其本体化学成分和表面化学成分存在一定差异。不同的粉煤灰颗粒具有不同的化学组成。沸腾炉粉煤灰以不规则状玻璃体为主要物相,结晶矿物不含莫来石。沸腾炉粉煤灰的细度很高（0.011～0.038mm范围的颗粒约占55％）,比表面积巨大,达8.00腾炉粉煤灰具有极高的火山灰活性,28天抗压强度比达97％,与525号水泥相近