Multiple-resource modeling as a tool for conservation: Its applicability in Mexico

The current Mexican environmental law provides the legal basis for comprehensive land-use planning. Under the law, development of natural ecosystems must combine goals, policies, and practices towards the sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of biological diversity. Thus, ecosystem manipulation must be able to counter fragmentation of natural ecosystems and isolation of natural reserves, while providing for human needs. Assessment of the potential of natural ecosystems and management impacts are required. Multiple-resource simulation is an assessment and land-use planning tool that permits managers and decision makers to comply with the law, providing a flexible, user-oriented system that can meet the needs of managers, conservationists, and researchers. A multiple-resource model and an example of how it can be applied to meet planning needs is presented for discussion.     

Integrating forage,wildlife, water,and fish projections with timber projections at the regional level: A case study in southern United States

The impact of timber management and land-use change on forage production, turkey and deer abundance, red-cockaded woodpecker colonies, water yield, and trout abundance was projected as part of a policy study focusing on the southern United States. The multiresource modeling framework used in this study linked extant timber management and land-area policy models with newly developed models for forage, wildlife, fish, and water. Resource production was integrated through a commonly defined land base that could be geographically partitioned according to individual resource needs. Resources were responsive to changes in land use, particularly human-related, and timber management, particularly the harvest of older stands, and the conversion to planted pine.     

Termite assemblages in a West-African semi-deciduous forest and teak plantations

Responses of termite assemblages to the conversion of semi-deciduous forest into teak plantations were studied in the Lama Forest Reserve in Benin, West Africa. Four belt transect surveys were run in each of the two forest types, adopting a modified termite diversity assessment protocol. Termite assemblages were remarkably species-poor in both forest types, with only 19 species encountered altogether. The low species richness was due to the rarity of soil-feeders of the soil/humus interface and the absence of true soil-feeders in the compact vertisol soil. Species richness was significantly higher in semi-deciduous forest than in teak plantations, but termite encounters were significantly lower. Termite assemblage and feeding group structure differed significantly among forest types. Wood-feeders were recorded only in semi-deciduous forest. In contrast, fungus-growers were more species-rich and about four times more abundant in teak plantations, mainly due to one Ancistrotermes species. The humification score, which depicts the position of termite assemblages along a gradient of increasing humification of their food substrate, was significantly higher in teak plantations, due to the absence of wood-feeders and the preponderance of fungus-growers. Combined principal components and multiple regression analysis identified two significant predictors of termite assemblages, soil water content and leaf litter biomass. The abundance of fungus-growers in teak plantations seemed to be mainly related to the high leaf litter biomass. Indirect evidence also suggests that lower predation pressure by ants on termites in teak plantations may have contributed to the abundance of termites.     

Optimizing carbon sequestration in commercial forests by integrating carbon management objectives in wood supply modeling

This paper provides a methodology for generating forest management plans, which explicitly maximize carbon (C) sequestration at the forest-landscape level. This paper takes advantage of concepts first presented in a paper by Meng et al. (2003; Mitigation Adaptation Strategies Global Change 8:371–403) by integrating C-sequestration objective functions in existing wood supply models. Carbon-stock calculations performed in Woodstock^TM (RemSoft Inc.) are based on C yields generated from volume table data obtained from local Forest Development Survey plots and a series of wood volume-to-C content conversion factors specified in von Mirbach (2000). The approach is used to investigate the impact of three demonstration forest-management scenarios on the C budget in a 110,000 ha forest in south-central New Brunswick, Canada. Explicit demonstration scenarios addressed include (1) maximizing timber extraction either by clearcut or selection harvesting for greatest revenue generation, (2) maximizing total C storage in the forest landscape and in wood products generated from harvesting, and (3) maximizing C storage together with revenue generation. The level of clearcut harvesting was greatest for scenario 1 (≥15 × 10⁴ m³ of wood and ≥943 ha of land per harvesting period), and least for scenario 2 (=0 m³ per harvesting period) where selection harvesting dominated. Because softwood saw logs were worth more than pulpwood ($60 m⁻³ vs. $40 m⁻³) and were strategic to the long-term storage of C, the production of softwood saw logs exceeded the production of pulpwood in all scenarios. Selection harvesting was generally the preferred harvesting method across scenarios. Only in scenario 1 did levels of clearcut harvesting occasionally exceed those of selection harvesting, mainly in the removal of old, dilapidated stands early in the simulation (i.e., during periods 1 through 3). Scenario 2 provided the greatest total C-storage increase over 80 years (i.e., 14 × 10⁶ Mg C, or roughly 264 Mg ha⁻¹) at a cost of $111 per Mg C due to lost revenues. Scenarios 3 and 1 produced reduced storage rates of roughly 9 × 10⁶ Mg C and 3 × 10⁶ Mg C, respectively; about 64% and 22% of the total, 80-year C storage calculated in scenario 2. The bulk of the C in scenario 2 was stored in the forest, amounting to about 76% of the total C sequestered.     

建筑垃圾的处理及再生利用研究

在此对国内外建筑垃圾的现状进行了研究。对分选、破碎后的垃圾骨料进行了坚固性、压碎值等试验 ;将其替代新鲜石子做再生混凝土 ,并对再生混凝土的强度、弹性模量、抗冻、抗渗性能进行了试验。试验结果表明 ,强度损失很小 ,模量损失约 2 0 % ,抗冻指标 >D5 0。     

有关森林公园环境容量预测的探讨

提出了预测森林公园环境容量的临界准则，进而就环境容量的预测方法、指标等结合实例进行了探讨。     

废橡胶热解制油品和化学品实验研究

在实验室进行废橡胶的固定床热解实验 ,研究热解条件主要是温度对热解产物及其组成的影响 ;选择最佳热解条件 ,以得到较高的产物收率和质量 ;研究表明 ,所得到的热解液体中 ,轻中馏分可作为汽、柴油馏分 ,重馏分可作为橡胶加工中的填充油 ;热解的固体残余物经处理后可得到橡胶工业中的半补强炭黑 ,初步估算 ,废橡胶热解工艺有较高经济效益。     

Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2用于烟气脱硫脱硝的研究

首先分析了亚铁和二巯基丙烷硫酸根[Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2]化合物的脱硝机理,NO的脱除主要基于其与Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2生成亚硝酰基化合物.对鼓泡反应器中吸收传质机理的研究表明,化学反应速率和传质速率对脱硝过程有重要影响.同时探讨了液气比、烟气中NO浓度、烟气流速和pH值等因素对脱硝效果的影响,还讨论了Fe(Ⅱ)(DMPS)2的再生方法.提出了该方法存在的问题.     

粒状活性炭的电化学再生实验研究

研究了吸附苯酚的饱和粒状活性炭在电化学反应器中的再生实验，结果表明电化学再生活性炭是可行的。电流密度、电解时间、电解质浓度等因素是电化学再生过程的主要影响因素。     

南岳森林群落生物多样性研究(Ⅱ)广济寺森林群落植物物种多样性测定

本文根据实地调查资料及其统计分析结果,选用了24个物种多样性指数公式,并采用重要值、株数或鲜重以及优势度或盖度等作为测度指标,对南岳广济寺森林群落植物物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明,南岳广济寺森林属落多样性较高,接近山地季雨林的水平;此外,不同测度指标对物种多样性指数计算值并无明显的规律性。