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261.
基于RS/GIS的武汉市九峰城市森林保护区景观结构特征及规划对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大型的城市森林绿地是城市生态框架的重要组成部分,其景观结构的优化有助于城市生态系统结构与功能稳定。九峰城市森林保护区是武汉近郊最大的森林绿地。应用快鸟遥感影像并结合实地调查,在RS和GIS的支持下对九峰城市森林保护区的景观结构进行了分析,并探讨了森林景观的规划对策。结果表明:九峰城市森林保护区景观分为林地、农耕地、苗圃地、水域、建设用地、墓地、荒地、草地和裸岩9个景观类型,263个斑块,其中林地最多,占总面积的36.56%,占斑块总数的8.75%,为景观基质,但对景观过程的控制作用不强。建设用地和农耕地斑块形状最为复杂,易造成人类活动干扰的扩散。林地成片分布,破碎化程度较低,连通性较高,有利于其资源保护。九峰城市森林保护区表现出整体结构简单,局部结构复杂的特征。针对这些景观结构特征,提出了大幅提高林地比例,压缩建设用地和其他人类活动明显的景观类型面积,构建聚集间有离析的空间优化格局,加强荒地和裸岩的植被恢复,设置“踏脚石”斑块和建立保护性廊道的景观优化对策,以期为九峰城市森林保护区的规划与管理提供依据。 相似文献
262.
263.
铁-锎系合金氧化物污水除磷及再生 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用共沉淀法制备了系列铁-镧系合金氧化物并研究其除磷能力。结果表明:以铁、镧摩尔比为0.08的吸附剂除磷能力最强,吸附曲线适合Langmuir等温线方程。该吸附剂的吸附量受pH影响显著,pH在4.0~7.0之间时吸附量较大。进行了抗共存阴离子能力测试,结果表明CO3 2-对磷吸附量影响较大,给出了共存阴离子对吸附量的影响顺序。对该吸附剂进行了真空高温再生,再生率最高可达62.27%。 相似文献
264.
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266.
Nitrogen (N) pollution is a growing concern in forests of the greater Sierra Nevada, which lie downwind of the highly populated
and agricultural Central Valley. Nitrogen content of Letharia vulpina tissue was analyzed from 38 sites using total Kjeldahl analysis to provide a preliminary assessment of N deposition patterns.
Collections were co-located with plots where epiphytic macrolichen communities are used for estimating ammonia (NH3) deposition. Tissue N ranged from 0.6% to 2.11% with the highest values occurring in the southwestern Sierra Nevada (range:
1.38 to 2.11). Tissue N at 17 plots was elevated, as defined by a threshold concentration of 1.03%. Stepwise regression was
used to determine the best predictors of tissue N from among a variety of environmental variables. The best model consisted
only of longitude (r
2 = 0.64), which was reflected in the geographic distribution of tissue values: the southwestern Sierra Nevada, the high Sierras
near the Tahoe Basin, and the Modoc Plateau, are three apparent N hotspots arranged along the tilted north–south axis of the
study area. Withholding longitude and latitude, the best regression model suggested that NH3 estimates and annual number of wetdays interactively affect N accumulation (r
2 = 0.61; % N ∼ NH3 + wetdays + (NH3 × wetdays)). We did not expect perfect correspondence between tissue values and NH3 estimates since other N pollutants also accumulate in the lichen thallus. Additionally, other factors potentially affecting
N content, such as growth rate and leaching, were not given full account. 相似文献
267.
A serious forest decline of Betula ermanii Cham. has been observed at Mt. Mae-Shirane, Oku-Nikko, Japan, where high ozone (O3) concentration and severe water deficiency have been measured. In order to consider the possibility whether O3 and/or water stresses could have been the causes of the forest decline of B. ermanii, plant growth experiments were conducted in environment-controlled growth cabinets. Two-year-old seedlings of B. ermanii were exposed to either charcoal-filtered air (O3 concentration <5 ppb) or 50 ppb O3 (daily average, ranging between 20–100 ppb) for 123 days at 20.0/12.5 ± 1.0°C (day/night) and 70/80 ± 7% relative humidity
(day/night). Simultaneously, seedlings were treated with three watering regime: 1.0 < pF < 1.8 (no water stress), 1.8 < pF < 2.5
(mild water stress) or 2.5 < pF < 3.0 (severe water stress). O3 exposure significantly reduced the dry weights of leaf, root and the whole plant, while water stress significantly reduced
the dry weights of each organ and the whole plant. Significant reductions of net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal
conductance were also observed under O3 and/or water deficiency treatments, while contents of RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), chlorophyll
a+b
and some essential nutrient elements (N, P, K, Mg and Ca) were not markedly changed. It was suggested that the decrease in
net photosynthetic rate induced mainly by stomatal closure was the major cause of the growth reduction under O3 and/or water stresses. No significant interactions between O3 and water stresses were observed in terms of the depression of dry matter production, which suggested that simultaneous stress
treatments of O3 exposure and water deficiency could affect the tree growth of B. ermanii additively. 相似文献
268.
We developed a simple conceptual model that tracks nitrogen and carbon jointly through an N fertilized forest ecosystem. The
stimulation of growth increases the litterfall and imports substrate for soil microorganisms. Microbial biomass forms according
to the supply of C and N. The formation of microbial biomass is accompanied by respiratory C losses. The quantity of CO2 efflux depends on the C use efficiency of microbes. When excess N is available, the microbial activity is accelerated and
the demand for substrate is high. Litterfall supplies an insufficient amount of C to the soil. In such a case, labile soil
C is mineralized and the net effect of N fertilization is a loss of soil C. A strong N fertilization effect on the aboveground
biomass can offset the soil C loss. In the case of a low N dosage or high N losses due to leaching or emission of nitrogen
oxides, the soil C loss is small. The conceptual model was applied to a case study. The field data, collected over a time
span of several decades, could not support sound conclusions on the temporal trend of soil C because the spatial and temporal
variability of the chemical data was high. The conceptual model allowed to give an evaluation of the fertilization effect
on soil C based on reproducible principles. 相似文献
269.
Understanding the historical dynamics, composition, and environmental disturbances of forest landscapes provides a context
for monitoring changes, describing trends, and establishing reference conditions. This study analyses the temporal changes
in forest ecosystem structure in Artvin Forest Planning Unit (AFPU), Turkey, during 1972–2002 period based on digitized forest
stand type maps using geographic information system (GIS) and interpretation of satellite data. The results showed that there
was a net decrease of 450 ha in total forested areas between 1972 and 2002. Forest ecosystem structure changed over time depending
on a few factors such as demographic movements, insect outbreaks, dam and road construction, unregulated management actions,
and social pressure. In conclusion, temporal changes and the factors affecting these changes should be determined for sustainable
management of natural resources. 相似文献
270.
Evaluating Spatio-temporal Complexities of Forest Management: An Integrated Agent-based Modeling and GIS Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The objective of this study is to integrate agent-based modeling and geographic information systems (GIS) for examining how
interactions within forest management lead to patterns of land-cover change. Specifically, this study evaluates how management
agents behave in the presence of variable timber prices, harvesting costs, and accessibility to timber and how their actions
influence the spatial characteristics of the forest landscape over time. The GIS calculates the average harvested patch size,
number of patches, and total harvested area as measures of emergent patterns resulting from agent actions. The results from
the agent-based GIS model reveal that good economic conditions lead to few but large harvested patches, while deteriorating
conditions will see more patches of smaller size if forest companies have access to high-quality timber. This study emphasizes
the need for a complex systems approach to forest management as the model illustrates how system elements interact in a manner
to produce emergent spatial patterns over time. 相似文献