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331.
针对某一林区,确定其林木管理目标,以及为达到此目标对林火监测与扑救系统的要求,从而确定森林防火的资金投入。分析了加大森林防火投入前后森林火灾损失与扑求费用的变化。 相似文献
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333.
基于MODIS数据的林火识别方法研究 总被引:34,自引:2,他引:32
森林火灾是一种世界性的重要自然灾害。遥感、地理信息系统(简称GIS)、网络等现代高新技术的出现和发展。为人类研究防灾减灾的工作提供了更为方便的条件。该文在分析MODIS数据各波段特性、对地表亮温法和亮温一植被指数法火点识别的精度进行比较的基础上,结合CIS技术,利用地面信息,采用亮温一植被指数法,建立了基于MODIS数据的林火识别模型。经实验验证,该方法总体判识精度优于80%,能较好地满足林火检测需求,同时还可以获得燃烧植被的类型。 相似文献
334.
提出用微波加热-二氧化碳活化法再生乙酸乙烯合成用触媒载体废活性炭工艺.采用条件实验法研究了活化时间、二氧化碳流量和微波功率对活性炭碘吸附值,亚甲基蓝吸附值和再生得率的影响,得到微波辐射加热二氧化碳活化再生乙酸乙烯用触媒载体废活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间25 min,二氧化碳流量0.2 L/min,微波功率700 W.在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1158.02 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为240 mg/g、得率为74.19%.并对活性炭进行了比表面积的测定和孔结构的分析,活性炭的比表面积为1308.13 m2/g,总孔容为0.76 mL/g. 相似文献
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The general perceptions of prescribed burning were elicited from forest users for an area that has been subject to this form
of land management for at least 20 years. The largest group consisted of local residents living in and around the Wombat State
Forest with two smaller groups of students from a nearby university campus and local professional land managers. A questionnaire
was given to each participant in order to explore how the forest was used, to determine the level of knowledge of burning
in the targeted forest and Victoria and the perception of the appearance, effectiveness of protection, and accessibility to
the forest after prescribed burning. Generally all groups had similar responses with community members having stronger views
on the effectiveness and practicalities of prescribed burning, whereas students were more neutral in their opinions. All participants
claimed knowledge of prescribed burning activities within Victoria, but fewer had experience of planned fires in the Wombat
State Forest. All groups agreed that areas that had not been recently burned had a better appearance than those that had,
but this result may have included a range of value judgments. Land managers had a greater understanding of the ecological
importance of season and timing of burning; however, some students and community members were equally knowledgeable. Prescribed
burning did not impede access to the forest, nor did smoke from prescribed burns pose any great problem. The majority of the
participants felt that the amount of prescribed burning done in the forest was adequate for engendering a feeling of protection
to life and property, yet many were still suspicious of this management practice. These initial findings indicate several
areas in which further research would be useful including the efficacy of education programs for community members and improved
communication of burn plans by land managers. 相似文献
337.
Linking linear programming and spatial simulation models to predict landscape effects of forest management alternatives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Forest management planners require analytical tools to assess the effects of alternative strategies on the sometimes disparate benefits from forests such as timber production and wildlife habitat. We assessed the spatial patterns of alternative management strategies by linking two models that were developed for different purposes. We used a linear programming model (Spectrum) to optimize timber harvest schedules, then a simulation model (HARVEST) to project those schedules in a spatially explicit way and produce maps from which the spatial pattern of habitat could be calculated. We demonstrated the power of this approach by evaluating alternative plans developed for a national forest plan revision in Wisconsin, USA. The amount of forest interior habitat was inversely related to the amount of timber cut, and increased under the alternatives compared to the current plan. The amount of edge habitat was positively related to the amount of timber cut, and increased under all alternatives. The amount of mature northern hardwood interior and edge habitat increased for all alternatives, but mature pine habitat area varied. Mature age classes of all forest types increased, and young classes decreased under all alternatives. The average size of patches (defined by age class) generally decreased. These results are consistent with the design goals of each of the alternatives, but reveal that the spatial differences among the alternatives are modest. These complementary models are valuable for quantifying and comparing the spatial effects of alternative management strategies. 相似文献
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339.
以第一次全国地理国情普查与基础性地理国情监测数据为数据源,开展西藏芒康滇金丝猴国家级自然保护区内2015、2016、2017、2018年自然保护区建设与管理情况监测,分别从人工地物、林草资源、露天采掘场等方面进行统计,分析人类活动对自然保护区内的生态系统胁迫以及区内生态恢复情况等。 相似文献
340.
ABSTRACTA diesel particulate filter (DPF) can effectively reduce the exhaust emissions of particulate matter (PM) and meet emission regulations. We report herein an experimental-numerical study to investigate the soot capture and regeneration behavior in a commonly used DPF. Simulations are performed using the AVL FIRE software that considers a fairly detailed DPF model. The model is validated using measured pressure drop history during soot capture, and temperature history during regeneration from a parallel experimental study using a diesel engine equipped with a DPF. Then, a detailed numerical study is performed to examine the soot capture and heat regeneration processes, and characterize the effects of various parameters on these processes and on DPF performance. Results indicate that the pressure drop during soot loading can be reduced by increasing the CPSI (channels per square inch), minimizing the amount of residual soot in each regeneration cycle, and using moderate gas flow rates. The DPF regeneration performance is characterized in terms of the rates of temperature rise and soot oxidation. Results indicate that these rates are enhanced, as the oxygen content in the exhaust stream is increased to about 12%, the rate of thermal heating is moderately increased, and as the exhaust gas flow rate is increased. Thus, the regeneration efficiency can be significantly improving by optimizing these parameters. 相似文献