Cattle manure biochar and earthworm interactively affected CO2 and N2O emissions in agricultural and forest soils: Observation of a distinct difference

• Earthworms increase CO₂ and N₂O emissions in agricultural and forest soil. • 10% biochar suppresses CO₂ and N₂O emissions in forest soil. • Biochar interacted with earthworm to significant affect CO₂ and N₂O emissions. The application of manure-derived biochar offers an alternative to avoid the direct application of manure to soil causing greenhouse gas emission. Soil fauna, especially earthworms, can markedly stimulate carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soil. This study therefore investigated the effect of cattle manure biochar (added at rates of 0, 2%, or 10%, coded as BC0, BC2 and BC10, respectively) application, with or without earthworm Aporrectodea turgida, on emissions of CO₂ and N₂O and changes of physic-chemical properties of agricultural and forest soils in a laboratory incubation experiment. The BC10 treatment significantly enhanced cumulative CO₂ emissions by 27.9% relative to the untreated control in the agricultural soil. On the contrary, the BC2 and BC10 treatments significantly reduced cumulative CO₂ emissions by 16.3%–61.1% and N₂O emissions by 92.9%–95.1% compared to the untreated control in the forest soil. The addition of earthworm alone significantly enhanced the cumulative CO₂ and N₂O fluxes in agricultural and forest soils. Cumulative CO₂ and N₂O fluxes were significantly increased when BC2 and BC10 were applied with earthworm in the agricultural soil, but were significantly reduced when BC10 was applied with earthworm in the forest soil. Our study demonstrated that biochar application interacted with earthworm to affect CO₂ and N₂O emissions, which were also dependent on the soil type involved. Our study suggests that manure biochar application rate and use of earthworm need to be carefully studied for specific soil types to maximize the climate change mitigation potential of such management practices.     

基于环境磁学响应监测林地土壤中金属元素

采集并测试广州市林地土壤样品600余组,分析土壤中As、Cr、Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni和磁学性质的相关性。结果表明：土壤磁性颗粒以软磁性矿物为主,北部以超顺磁、多畴颗粒为主,南部以单畴、多畴颗粒为主。相关性分析表明：北部Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd与较粗的磁性颗粒共存,Cd与软磁性矿物共存,As与超顺磁颗粒共存且为自然源;南部相关关系不显著,Ni和As来源为人为源;不同污染程度土壤回归方程相关系数均较好,南部深〖CD*2〗浅层回归方程证明上述8种元素和磁性相关性不受自然来源或人类活动影响。     

北京西山国家森林公园中空气负离子浓度与气象因子的相关性研究

空气负离子(Negative air ions,NAI)是城市空气质量的重要指标之一,揭示城市森林释放NAI的影响机制,有助于充分利用NAI的净化作用及保健作用,并判断空气质量.利用北京西山国家森林公园2017年9月—2018年8月的NAI和气象数据,深入探究不同季节条件下和典型天气下影响空气负离子浓度(NAIC)的气...     

光催化氧化苯甲酸时TiO2中毒机理及再生方法的研究

以苯甲酸作为模型污染物,采用强制中毒的方法研究了TiO2在悬浮光催化氧化体系中的中毒过程,并通过对中毒TiO2进行IR、SPS及XPS表征,分析了中毒后TiO2的表面性质,揭示了苯甲酸光催化降解过程中TiO2光催化剂的中毒机理.采用高温焙烧、UV光照射及超声波振荡等方法对中毒TiO2进行再生,并考察再生效果.研究表明,实验条件下,催化剂反复使用20次后将完全中毒.引起TiO2中毒的主要原因是苯甲酸及其降解中间产物,如羟基苯甲酸、顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸等吸附、积累在TiO2表面,占据了TiO2的表面活性位置,使其光催化活性下降;TiO2在使用过程中出现的团聚现象也会导致其活性降低.比较了高温焙烧、UV光照及超声波清洗3种方法对中毒催化剂的再生效果的比较研究,结果表明,3种方法均能使中毒后TiO2的催化活性得到一定恢复,其中高温焙烧对中毒TiO2的再生效果较好.     

纸塑铝复合包装废物的回收与再生利用现状

通过对典型的垃圾填埋场和复合包装再生利用企业的调研,分析了我国现有复合包装废物产生与回收再生利用的现状.并针对纸塑铝复合包装材料的结构和特点,对现有复合包装材料的再生利用技术进行研究比较,指出了我国复合包装回收利用过程中亟待解决的问题及未来的研究方向.     

Urban regeneration and democratization of information access: CitiStat experience in Baltimore

This article explores the potential of a GIS-based approach to city management - Baltimore's CitiStat e-government program - for meeting the goals of sustainable urban regeneration. The argument advocated here builds on the widely held recognition that the application of ICTs in general can lead to both new forms of inclusion and exclusion of citizens. Therefore attending to the 'digital divide' is a relevant issue because cities are complex environments where outcomes of interventions are uncertain and widening participative arenas to different actors can increase the possibilities to regenerate declining urban areas in a more democratic way.     

A Watershed-Scale Model for Predicting Nonpoint Pollution Risk in North Carolina

The Southeastern United States is a global center of freshwater biotic diversity, but much of the regions aquatic biodiversity is at risk from stream degradation. Nonpoint pollution sources are responsible for 70% of that degradation, and controlling nonpoint pollution from agriculture, urbanization, and silviculture is considered critical to maintaining water quality and aquatic biodiversity in the Southeast. We used an ecological risk assessment framework to develop vulnerability models that can help policymakers and natural resource managers understand the impact of land cover changes on water quality in North Carolina. Additionally, we determined which landscape characteristics are most closely associated with macroinvertebrate community tolerance of stream degradation, and therefore with lower-quality water. The results will allow managers and policymakers to weigh the risks of management and policy decisions to a given watershed or set of watersheds, including whether streamside buffer protection zones are ecologically effective in achieving water quality standards. Regression analyses revealed that landscape variables explained up to 56.3% of the variability in benthic macroinvertebrate index scores. The resulting vulnerability models indicate that North Carolina watersheds with less forest cover are at most risk for degraded water quality and steam habitat conditions. The importance of forest cover, at both the watershed and riparian zone scale, in predicting macrobenthic invertebrate community assemblage varies by geographic region of the state.     

Ammonium removal by modified zeolite from municipal wastewater

Ammonium removal by modified zeolite, H-form and Na-form zeolite, were examined by batch-type methods. The adsorption of ammonium on modified zeolite was exothermic process. The saturation adsorption capacity of ammonium on H-form and Na-form zeolite were 21.23 and 41.1.5 mg/g, respectively. After ten times adsorption-desorption-readsorption cycles the standard deviations of H-form and Na-form zeolite were 6.34% and 6.59%. The zeolite adsorption process has proved cost effective and practical in reducing ammonium by H-form and Na-form zeolite in municipal wastewater from concentration 27.68 mg/L to 2.80 mg/L and 5.91 mg/L.     

抗生素菌渣处理处置技术进展

我国是抗生素原料药生产大国,抗生素菌渣产生量大、处理难度大,且属于危险固废,其合理、安全处置是目前制药企业亟待解决的难题。对抗生素菌渣的焚烧、肥料化、饲料化、填埋、能源化及其他处理处置技术的现状进行了归纳和总结,并对抗生素菌渣处理处置技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

沸石生物联合吸附再生工艺及铵沸石再生

简述了沸石生物联合吸附再生的工艺原理,重点讨论吸附了NH 4的沸石粉的生物再生.结果表明,沸石和液相之间的NH 4是一种动态的离子交换平衡,污水的电导率对吸附了NH 4的沸石粉的NH 4解吸量有明显的影响;污水中阳离子对吸附了NH 4的沸石粉的再生率可达40%-50%,在微生物的硝化作用下可达94%.沸石生物联合吸附再生工艺中,吸附了NH 4的沸石粉的再生是"化学再生"和"生物再生"相结合的过程,生物硝化作用促进了沸石相中NH 4的解吸.