稀土复合氧化物加少量贵金属的汽车尾气催化剂的初步研究

本文对稀土添加少量贵金属的汽车尾气催化剂进行了研究,包括稀土氧化物对涂层热稳定性的影响、活性组分浸渍方式对活性的影响。说明不同的浸渍方式对催化剂活性作用不同,分浸比共浸的效果好,ＣＯ起燃温度降低１５￣３０℃,并与贵金属催化剂进行对比,说明钙钛矿结构催化剂具有良好的耐久性,９５０℃水热老化１６ｈ后,起燃温度及最大净化效率没有明显变化。     

Too small to count? Making Land Use Transformations in Chiquitano communities of San Ignacio de Velasco,East Bolivia,visible

ABSTRACT

The Santa Cruz lowlands, east Bolivia, are one of South America’s most dynamic agricultural frontiers. In the Chiquitania, bordering Brazil, San Ignacio de Velasco was in 2017 ranked first nationally in terms of deforestation. There, two deforestation fronts meet with mechanized agriculture expanding from the West and South and cattle ranching from the East. Chiquitano communities are demographically dominant locally but often face land scarcity. Because of their comparatively low impact on forest vegetation, they are not well represented in broad-scale quantitative Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) studies. Based on an empirical, human geographical approach, this paper investigates the transformation of the local indigenous productive matrix, the associated land-use patterns and potential socio-ecological implications. The overall aim is to bear witness to the rapid and profound reconfiguration of traditional livelihoods with their integration in the market economy and to highlight the significance of micro-scale LULC-processes at global scale.     

CO2催化转化催化剂研究现状

将CO₂通过催化反应转化为甲烷、甲醇、一氧化碳、甲酸、低碳烯烃和芳香烃等有价值化工原料是实现碳达峰和碳中和的重要手段。催化剂是转化过程的决定因素之一,开发高转化率和高选择性的催化剂仍是当前CO₂催化转化研究的重点内容。目前,采用的催化剂主要为贵金属催化剂和部分过渡态金属催化剂,同时部分非金属催化剂、新型催化剂和本体催化剂也具有良好的催化活性。转化产物分子结构的复杂化和非均相化程度越高,则CO₂催化转化的转化率和选择性越低。催化反应以热催化和光催化为主,反应条件的差异导致不同催化剂的性能可比性较差。因此,除开发高效催化剂外,建立规范化的CO₂催化转化评价方法也是未来研究的重点。

     

1株Arthrobacter arilaitensis菌的耐冷异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用

分别采用高浓度的铵态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、有机氮模拟废水和铵态氮与硝态氮、铵态氮与亚硝态氮混合模拟废水,研究耐冷反硝化细菌Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10的异养硝化、好氧反硝化以及同时硝化和反硝化能力,通过测定Y-10菌株在整个脱氮过程中的D600值,分析细菌生长与生物脱氮之间的联系.结果表明,耐冷菌株Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10具有很强的硝化和反硝化能力,15℃条件下,4 d内分别可将铵态氮由208.43 mg·L~(-1)降至72.92 mg·L~(-1),去除率65.0%;硝态氮由201.16mg·L~(-1)降至0 mg·L~(-1),去除率为100%;亚硝态氮由194.33 mg·L~(-1)降至75.43 mg·L~(-1),去除率为61.2%.该菌只在含硝态氮的模拟废水中才会产生亚硝态氮积累;此外,在混合模拟废水中,以去除铵态氮为主.总之,Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10能在15℃条件下有效进行异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用,在不同无机氮混合模拟废水中对铵态氮的去除率高达80.0%以上.     

NOx和/或NH3气氛下SO2在高岭土表面非均相转化的实验研究

利用自制气溶胶反应器研究了NO_x和/或NH_3气氛下SO_2在高岭土表面的非均相转化过程,应用扫描电镜(SEM)对高岭土颗粒物形貌进行了表征.结果表明:高岭土颗粒表面的SO_2非均相转化致使其成分和形貌产生了较大变化.相同实验条件下,SO_2转化的协同作用程度由高到低依次为NH_3、NO_x/NH_3和NO_x气氛,相对湿度40%、有光照条件下,SO_2转化量增幅最高可分别达125%、75%和50%.所有气氛下,协同作用在无光照时在高相对湿度(40%~70%)区间更为突出,有光照时其显著性则体现在低相对湿度(20%~40%)区间.SO_2、NO_x、NH_3三者共存时,在高岭土颗粒表面发生的非均相反应过程既有协同作用又存在竞争反应.     

A型和Y型分子筛在两段式热解过程中对WPCB热解油轻质化的影响

在500℃下,利用3种分子筛(4A、5A和Al_2O_3分子筛)对废弃印刷线路板(WPCBs)非金属粉末进行共催化热解试验.通过对热解三相产物产率的计算、热解油馏程分布、成分和碳数分布分析,研究不同分子筛对WPCBs热解过程中热解油轻质化效果的影响.结果表明,5A分子筛对WPCBs热解油轻质化效果最好,其中轻组分或汽油组分(馏出温度在0~200℃)含量最高,达到45%,而柴油组分(馏出温度在200~350℃)含量也达到了45%,成分主要以苯酚、异丙基苯酚和双酚A为主,选择性较好,热解油的碳数分布与汽油碳数分布相近,且热解油的含溴有机物(如2-溴苯酚)有一定的去除效果.Al_2O_3对热解油轻质化和脱溴的效果比5A分子筛稍差.而4A分子筛对热解油的轻质化效果和脱溴效果都较弱.综上所述,5A分子筛在热解油轻质化研究中具有良好的催化作用.     

郴州市退耕还林的调查与思考

通过对郴州市实施退耕还林几年来的实践和探索，分析现状，总结经验，提出了保证工程顺利实施的建议．     

中国洁净煤技术研究开发的现状

文章概述了洁净煤技术的定义和基本内容，评述了煤炭开发中煤层气和煤矸石污染控制、煤炭物理加工、煤炭化学转化等洁净煤技术主要领域的研究开发现状，提出了发展中国洁净煤技术的建议。     

Changes in carbonyl index and average molecular weight on embrittlement of enhanced-photodegradable polyethylenes

Weathering behavior of two types of enhanced-photodegradable polyethylenes was studied using FTIR spectroscopy, tensile property changes, and gel-permeation chromatography to monitor structural changes accompanying photodegradation. Changes in elongation at break and carbonyl index during degradation showed a strong correlation with the average molecular weight of the polymers. At the point of embrittlement, the highest extent of degradation measured using tensile properties, the number-average molecular weights for both polymers were in the 10⁴ g/mol range. Facile biodegradation is not expected of polyethylenes of this degree of polymerization.     

A coordinated control strategy using supercapacitor energy storage and series dynamic resistor for enhancement of fault ride-through of doubly fed induction generator

Power fluctuation and fault-related complication are the two major issues for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The occurrence of fault leads to the rotor over current, stator over current, and DC-link overvoltage as well. These uncertainties may damage the rotor circuit, converter circuit and force the disconnection of wind system from the grid. To get rid of these issues, a supercapacitor energy storage element along with a passive series dynamic resistor (SDR) is suggested in this paper. Supercapacitor energy storage system (SCESS) is located across the DC-link, which able to handle the power fluctuation and the SDR is placed in rotor circuit, which will reduce the overcurrent possibility. Simulation is carried for a DFIG-based WECS for three phase to ground fault and two phase to ground fault. During symmetrical fault as well as asymmetrical fault, various operational disorders appeared such as rotor overcurrent, stator overcurrent and DC-Link overvoltage are found to be within their permissible limits. The results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed strategy over the conventional vector control scheme and SCESS as well.