离心法在土壤颗粒分级技术中的应用

用离心法进行土壤颗粒分级,优化了离心时间和转速,并对河北保定,浙江嘉兴,磐安、永康和温州五地典型土壤样品进行了土壤颗粒粒径分布的初步研究,探讨了土壤颗粒直径和土壤有机质.土壤pH值之间的相关关系.结果显示:离心法土壤分级技术的回收率为96.73%～99.74%,实验按照粒径尺寸将土壤样品分成四级,分别是砂粒(>20 μm),粗粉砂(5～20μm),细粉砂(2～5μm)和粘粒(<2 μm).保定土壤的砂粒含量最高,达92.68%,磐安土样的粗粉砂含量最高,达4.12%,各样品细粉砂颗粒含量相当,均值为1.73%,粘粒含量很少,均值为0.44%.土壤有机质含量以磐安土壤最高,达9.15%,而土壤pH值则是保定土壤最高,为8.14.     

Distribution of mercury and methylmercury in river water and sediment of typical manganese mining area

Manganese (Mn) ores contain substantial concentrations of mercury (Hg), and mining and smelting of Mn ores can bring Hg into the surrounding aquatic environment through atmospheric deposition, leaching of electrolytic Mn residue and Mn gangue dump. However, limited is known that how these processes influence the environmental behaviors of Hg in waterbody. Therefore, the seasonal distribution and existing form of Hg in water and sediment in one Mn ore area in Xiushan County, Chongqing were investigated. Our results showed that the mean Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in water (n=35) were 5.8 ± 4.6 ng/L and 0.22 ± 0.14 ng/L, respectively. The mean Hg concentrations in retained riverbed and fluvial bank sediment (n=35) were 0.74 ± 0.26 mg/kg and 0.63 ± 0.27 mg/kg, respectively (the mean MeHg concentrations were 0.64 ± 0.40 µg/kg and 0.51 ± 0.30 µg/kg, respectively). It indicated that the mining and smelting of Mn ores were the main sources of anthropogenic Hg, and Mn may inhibit Hg methylation in rivers in Mn ore areas. Mercury in the bound to iron/ Mn (Fe/Mn) oxides of low crystallinity fraction (Hg-OX) accounted for 4.01% and 5.25% of the total Hg concentrations in the retained riverbed and fluvial bank sediment, respectively. The amount of Hg bound to Fe/Mn oxides in sediment increased significantly due to the manganese mining activities in the investigated area. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that high Hg concentrations in river sediment in Mn mining areas are closely related to high Mn concentration in sediment.