低温结晶净化柠檬酸盐解吸贫液中硫酸根

在柠檬酸盐吸收—解吸脱硫技术中,完成循环吸收过程的吸收液由于烟气杂质催化和高温解吸变成了含低二氧化硫浓度、中高硫酸根浓度、多种有机酸共存的柠檬酸盐解吸贫液,造成吸收效率下降、SO2平衡容量严重降低,必须进行溶液净化,特别是净化硫酸根。针对这一问题,实验室采用低温结晶法净化柠檬酸盐脱硫解吸贫液模拟液,通过对溶液中硫酸根浓度分析,研究了不同反应时间、温度、初始硫酸根浓度、柠檬酸根总浓度和溶液pH对硫酸根去除效率的影响。结果表明,硫酸根去除率与冷冻温度和溶液pH有关。在柠檬酸根总浓度1.5 mol/L,初始硫酸根浓度40 g/L,冷冻温度3℃,pH 4.5的条件下,可将硫酸根净化至16.9 g/L。     

Behavior of PAHs during cold storage of historically contaminated soil samples

The stability of historically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils during cold storage was investigated. Samples from two former manufactured gas plants exhibited quantitative recoveries of PAHs over the whole period of sample holding at 4 °C in the dark (8–10 months), whereas significant losses of PAHs were observed for soils received from a former railroad sleeper preservation plant with low molecular weight compounds being notably more affected compared to heavier PAHs. Already after 2 weeks of holding time, 3-ring PAHs in one of theses samples were down to 29–73% of the initial concentration and significant losses were observed for up to 5-ring compounds. Dissipation of PAHs was found to be predominantly due to aerobic microbial metabolism since sodium azide poisoned samples showed quantitative recoveries for all PAHs over the entire storage time of 3 months. A similar stabilizing effect was observed for freezing at −20 °C as means of preservation. Except for acenaphthene, no significant loss for any of the PAHs was observed over 6 weeks of holding time. Eventually, selected chemical, physical, and biological parameters of two soils were investigated and identified as potential indicators for the stability of PAH-contaminated soil samples.     

T酸废母液蒸氨预处理的动力学研究

为了有效降低经络合萃取处理后的T酸废母液中氨氮和总氮的浓度,为后续生物处理创造条件,对T酸母液进行Fenton氧化和蒸氨预处理,讨论了Fenton氧化、pH值、气液比、温度和反应时间对氨氮和总氮去除效果的影响.结果表明,Fenton氧化降低了T酸废母液的氨氮浓度,有利于氨氮和总氮的去除,去除率增幅明显.蒸氨过程中,氨氮和总氮的去除率随着pH值、温度和气液比的增大而升高,在pH值为11,气液比为3000,温度为95℃的条件下反应120min,氨氮去除率大于99%,总氮去除率大于97%.蒸氨预处理的氨氮去除动力学方程符合一级反应动力学,反应速率常数为k=0.00883min-1.反应的阿伦尼乌斯方程为:ln(k)=-1.97161-1016.5026/RT,R2=0.9959,反应活化能为8451.20J/mol,指前因子为0.139min-1.蒸氨是处理高氨氮T酸废母液有效手段,有工业应用价值.     

三种有机酸对磷酸钙法回收模拟养猪场污水中磷的影响

采用磷酸钙(Calcium Phosphate,CP)结晶法回收模拟养猪场污水中的磷,考察了不同pH值条件下,3种有机酸(柠檬酸、丁二酸和乙酸)对模拟污水中磷去除率的影响,并利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对结晶产物进行了表征.结果表明,CP结晶反应的最佳pH值约为9.5.在相同pH值条件下,柠檬酸对CP结晶反应中磷的去除效率和速率均有显著影响,高浓度柠檬酸能够完全抑制CP结晶反应,导致磷的去除率小于5%.相比之下,丁二酸和乙酸对磷的去除效率和速率影响不明显.3种有机酸对CP结晶产物的形状没有明显影响,所得产物均呈不定形的块状,但产物体积大小会随有机酸浓度升高而明显减小.不同浓度丁二酸和乙酸存在条件下均能得到羟基磷酸钙(Hydroxylapatite,HAP)晶体,但柠檬酸的存在会影响所得产物晶形.     

Seed selections for crystallization of calcium phosphate for phosphorus recovery

Seed induces and promotes the crystallization of calcium phosphate, and acts as carrier of the recovered phosphorus （P）. In order to select suitable seed for P recovery from wastewater, three seeds including Apatite （AP）, Juraperle （JP） and phosphate-modified Juraperle （M-JP） were tested and compared. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments of seeded crystallization of calcium phosphate were undertaken by using synthetic wastewater with 10 mg/L P phosphate. It shows that AP has bad enduring property in the crystallization process, while JP has better performance for multiple uses, and M-JP is a hopeful seed for P recovery by crystallization of calcium phosphate.     

宁镇山脉岩基岩浆的化学演化

本文根据四个杂岩体中主要矿物的化学成分和全岩主要元素资料,利用T·L·Wright(1984)提供的质量平衡计算程序来模拟它们的成因,然后再用微量元素来检验和完善上述模式。定量模拟结果表明,分离结晶作用是造成这些杂岩体在岩石学和地球化学上分异的主要原因,并可用斜长石,角闪石、黑云母、磷灰石和榍石的分步分离来解释各杂岩体的成分变化,但对每一个杂岩体来说矿物分离比例可大不相同。微量元素的检验结果和主要元素的模拟趋势基本一致,但分离矿物的绝对值可不完全相同。     

化铣废液中铝离子快速结晶去除的工艺研究

采用L1(64)5正交试验法,优化化铣废液中铝离子快速结晶去除的工艺。结果表明:稀释倍数和晶种添加量是显著性影响因素;最优工艺组合为:化铣废液稀释1.2倍至铝离子浓度为41.43 g/L;添加与溶液中铝离子比例成0.3:1的氢氧化铝晶种;温度控制在35℃;机械搅拌转速100 r/min;搅拌时间为1 h/d。反应48 h后,化铣废液中铝离子浓度从41.43 g/L降至30.10 g/L,铝离子去除效率为27.35%,化铣废液达到再生回用要求。     

钢铁工业硫酸酸洗废液的处理

采用冷冻结晶法和催化氧化法2种工艺对衡阳钢管厂酸洗废液进行处理,在工艺调试的基础上得出了2种工艺各自的最佳运行参数.运行结果表明,调酸-冷冻结晶法处理废酸后,再生废酸可满足回用要求,催化氧化法生产的聚合硫酸铁也满足<净水剂聚合硫酸铁>(GB14591-2006)I型标准.     

硫化镍异相结晶法处理含镍废水

针对含络合剂的重金属废水,以含镍废水为例,探索了以气体硫化氢为结晶药剂的硫化镍异相结晶技术。废水以薄层液膜方式铺展于结晶载体表面,硫化氢气体穿过气液界面进入液相,硫离子与金属离子在载体表面异相结晶析出,重金属得以去除。以含酒石酸的模拟化学镀镍废水为对象,静态实验与动态实验均表明该技术具有可行性,硫化镍沉淀在结晶载体表面异相结晶析出,且附着稳定;络合剂对反应影响小;进水流速为4 mL/min,硫化钠流速为0.65 g/min,氮气流速为0.16 L/min时,出水镍浓度为49~53 mg/L,单位面积滤布表面结晶平均去除镍量为0.98 g/(m2·h)。     

氟苯再生酸氧化过滤-冷却结晶-吸附-减压浓缩净化工艺

为了开发一种氟苯再生酸的资源化利用途径,对某生产氟苯及其系列产品的化工厂排出的废酸进行了研究,提出了氧化过滤-冷却结晶-吸附-减压浓缩的净化工艺,并且在吸附阶段,通过自制改性的活性炭作为吸附剂来对氧化、结晶的酸液进行吸附,COD去除率高达96.8%。同时确定了氧化过滤阶段的最佳工艺条件：废酸/氧化剂为4∶1,温度为110℃,反应时间为120 min,吸附阶段的最佳工艺条件：吸附剂的投加比为10 g·L-1,吸附时间为12 h,吸附温度为30℃。结果表明,COD去除率高达99.4%,净化后废酸的硫酸含量达到82.4%。