生物矿化针铁矿吸附废水中铬的实验研究

在静态条件下,利用生物矿化针铁矿对含铬模拟废水进行吸附实验研究.结果表明,生物矿化针铁矿对质量浓度在5 mg/L以下的含Cr2O72-,Cr3+模拟废水均具有较好的去除效果,平均去除率达94%,出水达到"污水综合排放标准"(GB 8978-1996);其吸附符合Langmuir与Freundlich模型.      

不同营养水平沉积物在不同pH下对磷酸盐的等温吸附特征

研究了不同营养水平沉积物在不同pH下对磷酸盐的吸附等温线,分别采用了线性和非线性2种方法拟合吸附等温线,并分析比较了2种方法的适用性.结果表明:①不同营养水平沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附量在接近中性时最大,酸性和碱性条件下均下降,污染严重的沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附受pH影响较污染轻的大;②不同pH下,不同营养水平沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附等温线没有明显规律;③沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附行为采用线性和非线性拟合均存在不足,不能仅仅根据R2和X2的大小进行拟合方程的适用性比较;④为了获得更为真实可靠的拟合结果,可以利用线性和非线性方法分别进行拟合,而每一种拟合方法也要同时采用多种拟合方程,在对多个拟合结果比较的基础上确定更符合实验数据的拟合方程.      

Adsorption and thermodynamic parameters of chlorantraniliprole and dinotefuran on clay loam soil with difference in particle size and pH

The behavior of chlorantraniliprole (CAP) and dinotefuran (DNF) insecticides was investigated in clay loam soil, a common type of the Egyptian soil. Effect of temperature, pH and particle size of the soil on the adsorption process was studied. Adsorption isotherm by bulk soil and its constituents; humic acid (HA), clay, silt and sand fractions was measured using batch equilibration technique. The results showed that the adsorption of the insecticides tested was significantly affected by the temperature and was a spontaneous interfacial process in the soil. Freundlich model accurately predicted the adsorption behavior of both insecticides. The interaction between soil and insecticides was endothermic and the highest adsorption for CAP and DNF was obtained at pH 9. However, the effect of pH on the adsorption of DNF was lower than that of CAP. Sorption of CAP and DNF on HA fraction was significantly greater than on clay fraction and bulk soil. In addition, the adsorption was significantly increased with particle size decrease. It could be inferred that the adsorption of CAP and DNF on clay loam soil was physical in nature and greatly influenced by the soil components, pH and temperature.     

活性焦吸附处理一硝基甲苯(MNT)废水

一硝基甲苯(MNT)废水是一种具有高毒性、难降解的火炸药废水。以活性焦为吸附剂,研究了活性焦对MNT废水中COD的吸附性能及pH、时间、温度和活性焦用量对吸附效果的影响,并分析了吸附前后MNT废水水质和急性毒性的变化。实验结果表明,pH、时间和活性焦用量是影响吸附效果的主要因素,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学,吸附速率常数为1.01×10-2g/(mg·min),可以用Freundlich吸附等温线来描述,等温线常数为Kf=1.14×10-4,n=0.58;在pH为3,温度为20℃,活性焦用量为80g/L的条件下吸附MNT废水3 h,COD的去除率达到72.0%,急性毒性下降了98.6%,表明活性焦能有效地吸附处理MNT废水。     

核桃壳吸附剂对水中Pb2+的吸附

采用自制核桃壳吸附剂,利用静态吸附法,处理模拟含Pb²⁺废水。实验结果表明：当初始Pb²⁺的质量浓度20.00 mg/L、初始废水pH=5.5、吸附剂加入量12 g/L、吸附剂粒径1.60~2.50 mm、吸附时间120 min时,核桃壳吸附剂对Pb²⁺的去除率为91.7%;吸附剂对Pb²⁺的吸附行为满足拟二级吸附动力学方程,吸附等温线满足Langmuir等温方程,饱和吸附量达到3.903 mg/g;吸附饱和的吸附剂可用浓度 0.1 mol/L的硝酸解吸,经解吸后的吸附剂可重复利用3次。     

Sorption kinetics and isotherm modelling of imidacloprid on bentonite and organobentonites

Bentonite was modified by quaternary ammonium cations viz. cetytrimethylammonium (CTA), cetylpyridinium (CP), rioctylmethylammonium (TOM) and pcholine (PTC) at 100% cation exchange capacity of bentonite and was characterized by X-ray diffraction, CHNS elemental analyser and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The sorption of imidacloprid on organobentonites/bentonite was studied by batch method. Normal bentonite could adsorb imidacloprid only upto 19.31–22.18% while all organobentonites except PTC bentonite (PTCB), enhanced its adsorption by three to four times. Highest adsorption was observed in case of TOM bentonite (TOMB) (76.94–83.16%). Adsorption kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. For normal bentonite data were best fitted to pseudo-first-order kinetic, while for organobentonites fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics. Sorption data were analysed using Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. Data were well fitted to Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Product of Freundlich adsorption constant and heterogeneity parameter (K_f.1/n) was in following order: TOMB (301.87) > CTA bentonite (CTAB) (152.12) > CP bentonite (CPB) (92.58) > bentonite (27.25). Desorption study confirmed hysteresis and concentration dependence. The present study showed that the organobentonite could be a good sorbent for removal of imidacloprid from natural water sample also. Percentage adsorption and Distribution coefficient (mL g^?1) value of different adsorbent was in following order: TOMB (74.85% and 297.54) > CTAB (55.78% and 126.15) > CPB (45.81% and 84.55) > bentonite (10.65% and 11.92).     

Leaching of seven pesticides currently used in cotton crop in Mato Grosso State—Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the leaching of pesticides and the applicability of the Attenuation Factor (AF) Model to predict their leaching. The leaching of carbofuran, carbendazim, diuron, metolachlor, α and β endosulfan and chlorpyrifos was studied in an Oxisol using a field experiment lysimeter located in Dom Aquino – Mato Grosso. The samples of percolated water were collected by rain event and analyzed. Chemical and physical soil attributes were determined before pesticide application to the plots. The results showed that carbofuran was the pesticide that presented a higher leaching rate in the studied soil, so was the one representing the highest contamination potential. From the total carbofuran applied in the soil surface, around 6 % leached below 50 cm. The other pesticides showed lower mobility in the studied soil. The calculated values to AF were 7.06E-12 (carbendazim), 5.08E-03 (carbofuran), 3.12E-17 (diuron), 6.66E-345 (α-endosulfan), 1.47E-162 (β-endosulfan), 1.50E-06 (metolachlor), 3.51E-155 (chlorpyrifos). AF Model was useful to classify the pesticides' potential for contamination; however, that model underestimated pesticide leaching.     

液/固体系中硅藻土对Pb2+和Cd2+的吸附机制

为了提高硅藻土在重金属废水处理上的应用水平,采用静态吸附实验考察了液/固体系中硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋的吸附影响因素、吸附等温线和吸附动力学属性。结果表明,随着投加量的减少,离子初始浓度的提高,pH值的增大,吸附作用时间的延长,硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋吸附量不断上升;硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋的等温吸附都符合Langmuir模型,硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋最大吸附量分别为10.428 mg/g和7.916 mg/g,硅藻土对Pb2＋具有更好的吸附能力;Pb2＋具有较低的水合自由能,更容易脱去水膜与硅藻土孔道内的活性基团发生吸附作用;双常数扩散方程可以很好地描述硅藻土对Pb2＋、Cd2＋的吸附动力学属性,硅藻土对Cd2＋有较快的吸附速率。     

颗粒活性炭吸附去除尿中药活性化合物（PhACs）

研究了多组分背景下2种煤质颗粒状活性炭D1220、R08S对人尿中4种药活性化合物（PhACs）（1 mg/L）——苯扎贝特（BEZ）、卡马西平（CAR）、布洛芬（IBU）和美托洛尔（MET）——的吸附去除。结果表明,D1220（R08S）对4种PhAC的吸附均符合Freundlich等温式,均为优惠吸附;D1220（R08S）对各PhAC的吸附作用强弱顺序为BEZ〉CAR〉MET〉IBU（BEZ〉CAR〉IBU〉MET）;PhACs平衡浓度小于3.01（0.91）μg/L时,D1220（R08S）对4种PhACs中的BEZ的吸附性能最好,平衡浓度大于3.01（1.93）μg/L时,D1220（R08S）则对MET的吸附性能最好;活性炭投加量为2 g/L时,D1220（R08S）对4种PhAC的去除率均在88%以上;总体吸附性能D1220优于R08S。     

Sorption isotherms of brominated diphenyl ethers on natural soils with different organic carbon fractions

Sorption isotherms of BDE-28 and BDE-47 on natural soils with different contents of soil organic matter (SOM) were investigated. Due to low water solubility of BDEs and resulted narrow ranges of aqueous equilibrium concentration, the linear distribution model showed similar and good fitting efficiency to the linear portion of nonlinear Freundlich curve. For the same sample, the linear and nonlinear model fitting sorption coefficients were close. At the statistically significant level of 0.05 or 0.1, significant relationships of total organic carbon fraction (fOC) with the fitting sorption coefficients can be observed. As for BDE-28, the relationships of fOC and SOM fractions with the single point partition coefficients at different aqueous concentrations of BDEs were significant; while for BDE-47, the relationships became less significant or insignificant, especially at higher aqueous concentrations. The findings in this study may facilitate more understanding on transport and fate of studied BDEs in soil systems.