纳米零价铁对水中芴的去除研究

研究了实验室自制的纳米零价铁在不同投加量、初始浓度、pH及温度条件下,对芴溶液的吸附效果、吸附等温线及吸附动力学.结果表明,随着纳米铁投加量的增加,芴的去除率升高;增加芴的初始浓度,去除率则相应下降,同时平衡吸附量增加.另一方面,纳米铁对芴的吸附能力随pH的升高而下降;温度为15~35℃时,芴的平衡吸附量随温度的升高而增加,但变化不大.纳米铁对芴的吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程;纳米铁对芴的吸附过程很好地符合准二级速率方程,吸附速率随芴初始浓度的增大而减小,平衡吸附量随芴初始浓度的增大而增大.除上述结果以外,本文还对此反应体系的吸附机理进行了初步探讨.     

木质素降解酶在不同堆肥基质中的吸附传输特性研究

为了深入探究木质素降解酶在不同堆肥基质中的吸附传输特性,通过批量实验对比了土壤、菜叶、稻草和米糠对木质素降解酶的吸附性能,并进行了动力学分析和等温吸附模型拟合,同时通过柱淋洗实验考察了木质素降解酶在4种堆肥基质中的迁移传输特性.结果表明,堆肥基质对木质素降解酶的吸附与基质种类有关,土壤、菜叶、稻草和米糠对木素过氧化物酶(LiP)和锰过氧化物酶(MnP)的吸附量分别为1.22、 1.27、 1.13、 1.22 U·g-1和5.09、 4.88、 4.43、 3.95 U·g-1.比较LiP和MnP吸附的动力学模型,准二级动力学方程为表征木质素降解酶吸附的最佳模型,其R2值为0.9732～0.9997, Elovich方程拟合较差,准一级动力学方程拟合最差;Langmuir模型对等温吸附数据进行拟合效果最好,而实验数据不适合用Freundlich方程表征.土壤、菜叶、稻草和米糠对LiP和MnP饱和吸附容量分别为1.23、1.30、1.17、1.14 U·g-1和5.70、 5.19、 4.73、 4.14 U·g-1.LiP和MnP在稻草和米糠基质中传输效果较好,可传输到最深层10 mL处,而在土壤和菜叶基质中则被滞留在浅层.     

河流沉积物对典型PPCPs的吸附特性及其影响因素

采用批平衡实验方法,研究了黄浦江沉积物对环丙沙星(CIP)、四环素(TC)、磺胺甲唑(SMX)和三氯生(TCS)的吸附特性,探讨了吸附时间、初始浓度、溶液p H值和温度等因素对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,CIP、TC、SMX和TCS在沉积物中的吸附过程均呈现先快速后缓慢的变化趋势,等温吸附平衡时间约为4 h.溶液p H值对CIP、TC和TCS的吸附过程具有显著影响,但对SMX的吸附影响较小.目标PPCPs吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学方程,吸附常数为4.89×10-3~1.96×10-2kg·(min·mg)-1.吸附等温线能较好地符合Freundlich方程和线性方程,高温不利于CIP和TCS吸附,而利于TC和SMX吸附.沉积物对CIP、TC和TCS的吸附能力较强,但对SMX吸附效果较差,当初始浓度为10 mg·L-1时,沉积物对CIP、TC、SMX和TCS的平衡吸附量分别可达702.8、733.1、54.7和695.0 mg·kg-1.     

A contribution to the study of phosphate sorption by three Greek fly ashes

Three fly ashes from Greece, produced from lignite burning, proved efficient in removing phosphate from solution. Maximum amounts of phosphate removed ranged from 0.064 to 0.099 mmol PO³ ₄ ^– per g of material. Fly ashes that contained higher amounts of calcite and anhydrite seemed to be better sinks for phosphate. From the various adsorption isotherm equations tested, the Langmuir equation described phosphate sorption satisfactorily. Although, the exact mechanism of phosphate sorption could not be revealed, it is believed that it involved an adsorption and/or precipitation process.     

Adsorption and desorption variability of four herbicides used in paddy rice production

This investigation was performed to determine the effect of physicochemical soil properties on penoxsulam, molinate, bentazon, and MCPA adsorption–desorption processes. Four soils from Melozal (35° 43′ S; 71° 41′ W), Parral (36° 08′ S; 71° 52′ W), San Carlos (36° 24′ S; 71° 57′ W), and Panimavida (35° 44′ S; 71° 24′ W) were utilized. Herbicide adsorption reached equilibrium after 4 h in all soils. The Freundlich L-type isotherm described the adsorption process, which showed a high affinity between herbicides and sorption sites mainly because of hydrophobic and H-bonds interaction. Penoxsulam showed the highest adsorption coefficients (4.23 ± 0.72 to 10.69 ± 1.58 mL g^?1) and were related to soil pH. Molinate showed K_d values between 1.72 ± 0.01 and 2.3 ± 0.01 mL g^?1and were related to soil pH and organic matter, specifically to the amount of humic substances. Bentazon had a high relationship with pH and humic substances and its K_d values were the lowest, ranging from 0.11 ± 0.01 to 0.42 ± 0.01 mL g^?1. MCPA K_d ranged from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 2.72 ± 0.01 mL g^?1, however its adsorption was related to humic acids and clay content. According to these results, the soil factors that could explain the sorption process of the studied herbicides under paddy rice soil conditions, were principally humic substances and soil pH. Considering the sorption variability observed in this study and the potential risk for groundwater contamination, it is necessary to develop weed rice management strategies that limit use of herbicides that exhibit low soil adsorption in areas with predisposing conditions to soil leaching.     

羟基磷灰石的制备及除氟性能研究

采用化学沉淀法,使用不同原料制备羟基磷灰石;研究羟基磷灰石的除氟性能及除氟机理。静态吸附试验结果表明,样品对氟离子的吸附性能良好,吸附平衡时间一般在3 h左右;随着溶液氟离子浓度的增加,平衡吸附容量不断增加,两者都没有极限值,属于弗兰德里希（Freundlich）吸附。     

厌氧颗粒污泥吸附去除废水中Hg2+的研究

在实验室条件下,以静态、序批的方法研究了厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中Hg²⁺的吸附特性及环境条件对其吸附能力的影响,并通过红外光谱和能谱对比手段,初步探讨了厌氧颗粒污泥吸附Hg²⁺的机理。结果表明,厌氧颗粒污泥对Hg²⁺的吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型,其吸附等温线与Freundlich型拟合得较好(R²=0.9933);pH是影响吸附的重要因素,在pH值为3～8的范围内,吸附量较大,最大为64.64 mg/g,当pH值大于8或小于3时,吸附量逐渐下降;温度对吸附也有一定的影响,但影响程度不明显。红外光谱和能谱分析表明,厌氧颗粒污泥表面功能基团对Hg²⁺的络合作用是吸附的主要机理,这些基团包括—CH、—CH₂ 、—CH₃、P—H、CO、C—N、PO、SO及C—H,同时在吸附过程中还存在一定的离子交换吸附。     

改性沸石同步深度脱氮除磷的实验研究

以氯化铝、硫酸镁为活性剂,采取高温活化,对天然沸石进行改性,并通过正交试验优化了改性工艺。以模拟二级出水为研究对象,考察了改性沸石同步去除水样中氮磷的效果及其影响因素,并对不同温度下改性沸石对磷酸盐和氨氮的吸附平衡和吸附热力学,以及脱氮除磷机理进行了探讨。结果表明,15 min后改性沸石脱氮除磷过程基本完成,其pH值范围与实际污水相符,最佳pH值为8;当投加质量浓度为0.8 g/L时,出水中氨氮浓度和总磷浓度均达到景观环境用水水质标准(GB/T 18921-2002)。改性沸石对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附均符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。热力学参数ΔG⁰、ΔH⁰分别为正值和负值,表明该吸附是一个自发的吸热过程。     

Zeolite formation from coal fly ash and heavy metal ion removal characteristics of thus-obtained Zeolite X in multi-metal systems

Zeolitic materials have been prepared from coal fly ash as well as from a SiO₂–Al₂O₃ system upon NaOH fusion treatment, followed by subsequent hydrothermal processing at various NaOH concentrations and reaction times. During the preparation process, the starting material initially decomposed to an amorphous form, and the nucleation process of the zeolite began. The carbon content of the starting material influenced the formation of the zeolite by providing an active surface for nucleation. Zeolite A (Na-A) was transformed into zeolite X (Na-X) with increasing NaOH concentration and reaction time. The adsorption isotherms of the obtained Na-X based on the characteristics required to remove heavy ions such as Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were examined in multi-metal systems. Thus obtained experimental data suggests that the Langmuir and Freundlich models are more accurate compared to the Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich (DKR) model. However, the sorption energy obtained from the DKR model was helpful in elucidating the mechanism of the sorption process. Further, in going from a single- to multi-metal system, the degree of fitting for the Freundlich model compared with the Langmuir model was favored due to its basic assumption of a heterogeneity factor. The Extended-Langmuir model may be used in multi-metal systems, but gives a lower value for equilibrium sorption compared with the Langmuir model.     

核桃壳炭化吸附废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究

采用氯化锌活化法制备生物质废物硬壳活性炭,工艺条件为:核桃壳与氯化锌溶液质量比为1∶1.5、氯化锌溶液质量分数50%、炭化温度300℃、炭化时间90 min、活化温度600℃、活化时间60 min。对产品比表面积、孔径和表征进行了分析,并探讨了该核桃壳活性炭吸附废水中六价铬的pH值、废水初始浓度、吸附时间、振动转速等影响因素。结果表明:制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1 038.33 mg/g,比表面积为645.36 m2/g,平均孔半径为1.37 nm。当活性炭用量为0.1 g,废水pH=3,吸附接触时间为1 h,取100 mL浓度为50 mg/L的含Cr6+废水时,处理吸附量可达48.57 mg/g。活性炭最大饱和吸附值为80.24 mg/g。吸附符合Langmuir等温模式,吸附等温方程式为Ce/Qe=0.0083+0.0121Ce。