不同活性炭对水中微量药物萘普生的吸附规律研究

从吸附平衡、吸附动力学、吸附等温式和吸附热力学等方面详细考察了煤质炭(MAC)、杏壳炭(XAC)和椰壳炭(YAC)对水中微量药物萘普生(Naproxen,NAP)的吸附去除效能和作用机理.实验结果表明,MAC、XAC和YAC对NAP的吸附平衡时间大致为24h,平衡吸附量相应分别为8.23mg·g-1、7.92mg·g-1、6.52mg·g-1;这3种活性炭对NAP的吸附过程均符合假二级反应动力学方程,且吸附速率受到膜扩散和内扩散作用的共同限制;相较而言NAP的吸附行为更符合Langmuir等温式;吸附热力学计算结果表明,MAC、XAC和YAC对NAP的吸附去除机理为化学吸附和物理吸附的共同作用,且化学吸附作用大于物理吸附;NAP在3种活性炭上的吸附作用均为自发进行的不可逆吸热反应.     

改性粉煤灰处理含铬(Ⅵ)地下水的实验研究

用硫酸改性的粉煤灰作为吸附剂,处理含铬(Ⅵ)为5mg/L地下水,最佳条件为:pH=2,液固比10000:3,25℃下反应3h。处理后水样铬(VI)浓度0.03mg/L,满足(GB/T 14848-93)《地下水环境质量标准》。在不改变原水pH条件下,增加粉煤灰用量,水样中铬(VI)浓度也可由5mg/L降至0.05mg/L。同时,吸附剂对铬(VI)的吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温线。     

开放系统下方解石对磷的去除

通过批量平衡法,研究开放系统条件下方解石对磷的去除特性.结果表明:1方解石在开放系统中的预平衡过程,在24h左右便能完成;2动力学的结果表明,当初始浓度为0.5 mg·L~(-1)时,磷去除在前10 h内便完成很大部分,推测其去除行为主要由表面吸附进行;当初始浓度为2.5 mg·L~(-1)时,磷去除主要是靠后期的磷沉淀方式来完成.3当初始磷浓度≤2.5 mg·L~(-1)时,反应时间设为10 h,磷的去除过程可用Langmuir等温吸附模型来较好地拟合,推测在该条件下,表面吸附是磷去除过程中的主导作用方式.4加入邻苯二甲酸的情况下,当初始磷浓度2.5 mg·L~(-1)时,磷的去除率下降了一些,这是因为此时磷去除主要通过表面吸附完成,而邻苯二甲酸与磷共同竞争表面上的吸附位点;当初始磷浓度2.5 mg·L~(-1)时,磷的去除率增大了一些,这是因为邻苯二甲酸的加入促进了钙浓度的增加,从而促进磷通过钙以沉淀的形式去除.     

Adsorptive removal of resorcinol on a novel ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) employing COK-19 silica scaffold: Kinetics and equilibrium study

Phenolic compounds and their derivatives have been found in industrial wastewater, which pose threats to the natural environment. Ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC) has been identified as an ideal adsorbent possessing high specific surface area and large pore volume to alleviate these pollutants. A novel ordered mesoporous carbon was prepared using COK-19 template with the cubic Fm3 m structure for the first time. Ordered mesoporous silica COK-19 was synthesized and reported in 2015. Sucrose as the carbon precursor was impregnated into the mesopores of silica and converted to carbon through carbonization process using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Ordered mesoporous carbon was obtained after the removal of silica framework using hydrofluoric acid. Boric acid was employed for the preparation of OMCs with tunable pore sizes in the range of 6.9–16.6 nm. Several characterization techniques such as nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscope(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration and elemental analysis were employed to characterize the OMCs. The pore size analysis and TEM images confirmed that OMC has replicated the mesostructure of the COK-19. Results obtained from adsorption kinetics and isotherms suggest that the Pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm well described the experimental data.     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠固定化菌小球处理猪场沼液

采用包埋法,以海藻酸钠-壳聚糖为载体、自行筛选的高效脱氨氮菌为目标菌制备固定化菌小球,用于去除猪场沼液中的氨氮.优化了固定化小球的制备条件,考察了废水处理条件对氨氮去除效果的影响.结果表明,固定化菌小球的最佳制备条件为：壳聚糖投加量20g/L、海藻酸钠投加量10g/L、目标菌种包埋量2：5（V/V）.处理含氨氮废水时,在不调节废水pH值的条件下,当固定化菌小球投加量为15g/L、反应时间为4h时,氨氮的去除率为93.9%,其中吸附作用对氨氮的去除率为64.3%,微生物作用对氨氮的去除率为29.6%.扫描电镜表征结果表明,处理废水后,固定化菌小球外部及内部微生物数量明显增多.动力学与等温线拟合结果显示,固定化菌小球对废水中氨氮的去除过程符合准二级反应动力学方程（R²=0.9252）和Langmuir等温线方程（R²=0.9578）.     

水华束丝藻对汞的吸附-解吸特征

通过室内模拟实验,探究不同丰度的活、死水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺的吸附动力学特征和等温吸附模型以及解吸特征。结果表明,水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺有较好的吸附效果,能在短时间内吸附大量Hg²⁺,120 min左右达到吸附平衡,且活藻对Hg²⁺的吸附效果比死藻好;活藻和死藻吸附Hg²⁺的动力学过程符合准一级、准二级动力学模型,且准二级动力学模型拟合效果更好;活、死水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺的吸附分别符合Langmuir模型、D-R模型,最大吸附量分别为2.07×10^-2 ng/（10⁶ cells）、3.56×10^-2 ng/（10⁶ cells）;水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺的单位吸附量随着藻丰度的增加而减少,吸附总量随着藻丰度的增加而增加。反应初期（0～5 min）,活、死水华束丝藻对Hg²⁺进行生物吸附,吸附速度快且效率高;随后活藻依靠新陈代谢将Hg²⁺转移至细胞内进行生物富集,因而活藻的单位吸附量高于死藻。活藻和死藻对Hg²⁺的解吸量随藻丰度的增加而增加,且死藻变化更明显。     

Removal of a cationic dye from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto bentonite clay

The ability of bentonite to remove malachite green from aqueous solutions has been studied for different adsorbate concentrations by varying the amount of adsorbent, temperature, pH and shaking time. Maximum adsorption of the dye, i.e. >90% has been achieved in aqueous solutions using 0.05 g of bentonite at a pH of 9. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG° were calculated from the slope and intercept of the linear plots of ln K_D against 1/T. Analysis of adsorption results obtained at 298, 308, 318 and 328 K showed that the adsorption pattern on bentonite seems to follow the Langmuir, Freundlih and D–R isotherms. The temperature increase reduces adsorption capacity by bentonite, due to the enhancement of the desorption step in the mechanism. The numerical values of sorption free energy (E_a) of 1.00–1.12 kJ mol⁻¹ indicated physical adsorption. The kinetic data indicated an intraparticle diffusion process with sorption being first order. The rate constant k was 0.526 min⁻¹. The concentration of malachite green oxalate was measured before and after adsorption by using UV–Vis spectrophotometer.     

超高浓度萘系磺酸染料中间体废液资源化

本文介绍了胺盐萃取回收率液中萘磺酸染料中间体的方法，回收率达９５％以上，回收浓缩液工艺套用，１０ｔ／ｄ废液量的资源化年净效益达５８０万元，投资费用两个月即可全部收回，采用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温方程描述体系中萃取剂用量，待萃物含量和萃取率的关系，使工艺参数的确立和工程设计完全处理指导之下。     

兰格缪尔等温式的适用性分析——以黄土吸持铜离子为例

在不同土壤浓度条件下进行了黄土对铜离子的等温吸持实验（包括吸附与沉淀）。利用兰格缪尔（Langmuir）等温式对实验结果进行拟合时发现：黄土对铜离子的吸持结果在形式上仍可用传统的Langmuir等温式来描述，但式中的相关参数已经不再具有原来的物理意义。本文分析了Langmuir等温式在黄土对铜离子吸持时的适用性，指出其参数变化与铜离子的吸附关系不大，而与沉淀密切相关。     

水合氧化铁去除Cu~(2+)的实验研究

研究了实时生成的水合氧化铁(HFO)对Cu2+的去除。研究结果表明:生成的水合氧化铁是棕黄色无定形铁的氧化物,盐滴定方法测得其零电荷点PZC为8.28±0.02;它对Cu2+吸附的动力学特征受控于HFO的生成动力学,其吸附等温线可用Henry公式和类似Langmuir公式的叠加来拟合;随着吸附剂量的增加,它对Cu2的吸附率和吸附量的影响分别呈现出指数形式(Y=aXb)的增加和减少。Cu2+从溶液中去除的可能机理包括表面络合反应、共沉淀、表面沉淀、Cu2+的水解作用、Cu2+的水解产物与水合氧化铁的絮凝作用等。