滇黔桂地区铊富集的矿化剂和沉淀富集剂及成矿模式

Tl虽然是一种分散元素 ,但在一定条件下也是可以富集的 ,甚至形成独立矿体。笔者在分析滇黔桂地区富铊矿床的地球化学特征后 ,认为Tl在低温阶段富集 ,并提出Tl的富集与沉积盆地局部高地球化学背景有关 ;促使Tl富集成矿的主要条件是矿化剂和沉淀富集剂 ,卤素和有机质是主要的矿化剂 ,富硫流体和热液改造的有机质是主要的沉淀富集剂。在此基础上进一步探讨了铊的二期三阶段成矿模式     

沈阳市环境空气质量功能区划分意义及其分类达标分析

环境空气质量功能区的划分对沈阳市的大气污染物总量控制、沈阳市结构性污染调整及制定环境管理政策和法规都具有重要的指导意义．沈阳市环境空气质量按功能区达标有一定难度，具体来讲，二类区达标难度最大，一类区相对容易，三类区是工业区，基本上就地改造即可达标．     

Metagenomic insights into responses of microbial population and key functional genes to fulvic acid during partial nitritation

The long-term impact of fulvic acid (FA) on partial nitritation (PN) system was initially examined in this study. The obtained results revealed that the FA lower than 50 mg/L had negligible effect on the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR nearly 100%) and ammonium removal rate (ARR 56.85%), while FA over 50 mg/L decreased ARR from 56.85% to 0.7%. Sludge characteristics analysis found that appropriate FA (<50 mg/L) exposure promoted the settling performance and granulation of PN sludge by removing Bacteroidetes and accumulating Chloroflexi. The analysis of metagenomics suggested that the presence of limited FA (0-50 mg/L) stimulated the generation of NADH, which favors the denitrification and nitrite reduction. The negative impact of FA on the PN system could be divided into two stages. Initially, limited FA (50-120 mg/L) was decomposed by Anaerolineae to stimulate the growth and propagation of heterotrophic bacteria (Thauera). Increasing heterotrophs competed with AOB (Nitrosomonas) for dissolved oxygen, causing AOB to be eliminated and ARR to declined. Subsequently, when FA dosage was over 120 mg/L, Anaerolineae were inhibited and heterotrophic bacteria reduced, resulting in the abundance of AOB recovered. Nevertheless, the ammonium transformation pathway was suppressed because genes amoABC and hao were obviously reduced, leading to the deterioration of reactor performance. Overall, these results provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of PN for the treatment of FA-containing sewage.     

冀东沿海地区镉的富集程度及成因分析

河北省地质调查院在冀东沿海地区的浅层土壤中发现了450 km2的镉富集带,富集区内Cd含量平均值0.76 mg/kg,最大值7.65 mg/kg,镉富集区域与当地的水稻田范围极为吻合。本文根据深、浅层土壤地球化学调查结果,运用富集因子及多元统计分析方法论述了镉的空间富集程度及富集的成因。结果表明,镉在研究区浅层土壤中高度富集,富集因子平均值3.27,最大值23.3。镉含量地球化学图、富集因子等值线图、污染因子得分图的空间分布特征几乎一致,异常区域内存在污染元素镉的单因子,镉富集源于人为活动。     

重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd在小麦中的富集特征

采用无土栽培法 ,以小麦为受试作物 ,通过对不同时期各器官重金属含量的变化 ,研究了重金属Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd在小麦中的富集与迁移特征。研究结果表明 ,在不同生长阶段小麦不同部位中重金属的含量有很大差异 ,总的来说 ,幼苗期重金属分布为 :根>茎>叶 ;成熟期分布为 :根>茎>叶>颖壳>籽实 ,而Zn在颖壳中会有较大富集。其中 ,根中重金属的富集系数的顺序为Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn;茎富集能力是Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb ;叶片富集能力是Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn;颖壳富集能力是Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb ;籽实的富集能力是Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb     

富氧生物硝化处理微污染原水除NO2--N研究

为去除微污染原水中的NO2--N和提高水厂的饮水安全性,采用弹性填料微孔曝气富氧生物硝化法处理某微污染水源原水,探讨了原水不同水质及天然水体温度下富氧生物硝化工艺的除NO2--N效果,研究了水温与富氧生物硝化工艺NO2--N去除效果的相关性。结果表明,当富氧生物硝化工艺正常稳定运行HRT为1.2h,气水比为1∶1,pH6.5~7.4,DO为8~10mg·L–1,原水水温26~30℃、NO2--N0.05~0.4mg·L–1、NH4 -N0.4~1.8mg·L–1和CODMn7.01~9.61mg·L–1时,富氧生物硝化工艺NO2--N的去除率为77%～100%;原水水温20～22℃、NO2--N0.09~0.5mg·L–1、NH4 -N0.7~2.5mg·L–1和CODMn5.84~9.11mg·L–1时,去除率为44%～63%;原水水温10～12℃、NO2--N0.04~0.8mg·L–1、NH4 -N0.9~4.5mg·L–1·和CODMn6.53~9.27mg·L–1时,去除率为25%～40%。原水水温与富氧生物硝化工艺NO2--N去除率呈现明显的线性相关性,相关方程为:y=3.3628x-9.528,相关系数为0.8744。     

磷酸钕共沉淀选择性分离富集-原子吸收测定环境水样中痕量铅

研究提出了用磷酸钕(NdPO4)作为共沉淀捕集剂分离富集环境水样中的痕量Pb2 ,用火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定的方法.共沉淀受pH、NdCl3和H3PO4溶液用量的影响.结果显示,在溶液pH为3.2时,20 mL水样中加入5 mg/L NdCl3 2 mL、0.5 mol/L H3PO4 3 mL条件下,铅的加标回收率为96.6%～104.2%,方法的检测限为5.7×10-3 mg/L,水体中常见碱金属、碱土金属离子及阴离子在一定范围内不影响测定.     

Mercury in surface sediments and benthic organisms from Guaymas Bay,east coast of the Gulf of California

In order to know the concentration of mercury in surface sediments, macroalgae and clams from Guaymas Bay, Mexico, 20 surface sediment samples and several individuals of Codium amplivesciculatum (3), Enteromorpha clathrata (4), Gracilaria subsecundata (2), Ulva lactuca (2), Chione subrugosa (80) and Crassostrea gigas (40) were collected and their Hg concentration was measured by a cold vapor Hg analyzer, after acid digestion. In addition, granulometric analysis and quantification of total organic carbon, aluminum, iron and manganese contents in sediments were performed. A Pearsons correlation matrix was determined and, the enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation index and the biota-sediment accumulation factor were calculated. Mercury concentrations in sediments ranged from 0.3 to 2.3 μg g⁻¹, with the central and northern portions showing the highest values. Macroalgae had a content of Hg that oscillated from 0.058 to 0.134 μg g⁻¹, while the average concentrations of this metal for clams and oysters were 0.063 and 0.230 μg g⁻¹, respectively. A clear effect of Guaymas City and the anthropogenic activities carried out around the Guaymas Bay has been observed and the enrichment factor and the geochemical index suggest that sediments from this coastal ecosystem are moderately to strongly contaminated with Hg. However, according to the figure of the maximum human consumption of Hg per week recommended by the World Health Organization, people can ingest clams without risk to their health.     

一个硫酸盐还原细菌富集物对丁草胺的厌氧降解

通过多次富集培养，得到一个能有效厌氧降解丁草胺的硫酸盐还原细菌(SRB)富集物，并对该富集物的生长动力学以及生长的最适丁草胺浓度、最适pH和最适温度作了探讨.