西藏自治区措勤县德能铜多金属矿床地质特征及成因分析

通过对西藏自治区措勤县德能铜多金属矿的研究发现,矿区内共6条达到工业品位的铜矿体,并伴生有铅、锌、金、银等多种有益组分,成矿地质条件较好。矿体主要赋存于燕山期石英闪长玢岩岩体外接触带及构造破碎带中,其中Cu4矿体规模最大,经深部钻孔工程及地表槽探验证,矿体品位和厚度沿走向和倾向变化系数较小。燕山晚期第一阶段第一次石英闪长玢岩侵入体是主要成矿物质来源,后期北西西向断裂构造是主要导矿和容矿构造。     

中国金矿开采区环境汞污染

汞是金矿区环境的特征污染物。金汞同源性导致金矿床一般汞含量偏高,且在以混汞法为代表的提金过程影响下,导致了中国金矿区严重的环境汞污染问题。本文介绍了中国金矿分布与开采及选冶概况,研究了导致金矿区环境汞污染的原因,分析了金矿石选冶过程中汞的释放,并综述了金矿开采所致矿区土壤、水体、大气、生物体中汞污染状况,最后讨论了金矿区汞污染环境管理与生态修复。     

新疆香山铜镍矿区热液作用性质及其成矿潜力研究

香山铜镍矿床位于东天山土墩-黄山-图拉尔根铜镍矿带中部,具有较好的铜、镍资源前景。矿区内热液作用发育,出现大量蚀变矿物、含金属硫化物的石英/方解石脉状矿石贯穿基性岩石。通过对蚀变矿物特征、石英/方解石中流体包裹体、金属硫化物成分等研究,探讨热液作用性质及其成矿意义。研究表明,岩石蚀变矿物主要为蛇纹石(两个世代)、纤闪石、绿泥石和黑云母等,说明热液流体具有多阶段特征,含有一定量的卤素挥发分;矿石蚀变矿物主要为针镍矿、紫硫镍矿、红砷镍矿、辉砷钴矿等,说明热液流体的硫逸度逐渐增高;脉状矿石中,石英/方解石中以富液相流体包裹体为主,其大小为4~12μm,气液比5~15%之间,均一温度峰值为200~240℃,表明热液流体具有中高温性质。在对比邻区热液矿床流体包裹体特征和硫同位素组成的基础上,认为香山铜镍矿区内热液作用可能为与含铜镍拉斑玄武质岩浆相关的中高温热液事件,它具有富集Pt、Ag和Au的潜力。     

陕西老厂铅锌矿床成矿流体特征及其地质意义

陕西老厂铅锌矿床是一个与海相火山岩有关的块状硫化物矿床。老厂铅锌矿床石英流体包裹体的均一温度为93.3~396.5℃,平均值为235.9℃;盐度为0.4~22.5wt%NaCl,平均值为9.9wt%NaCl。原生流体包裹体均一温度测定结果表明其具有近似正态分布的特点;石英流体包裹体的盐度表明,其不成正态分布,且盐度较低。老厂矿床δDV-SMOW‰和δ18 OH2O‰的组成关系反映了其成矿流体为混合热液来源。     

山谷型干灰场内雨水环保设计思路

针对燃煤发电厂贮灰场内雨水容易被灰渣污染的特点,以南方某电厂灰场为例,介绍了山谷型干灰场内雨水处理的环保设计思路。     

废弃印刷线路板碘化法浸金研究

针对碘化法从废弃印刷线路板中提取金的工艺设计,分别考察了碘的质量分数、n(I₂)/n(I^-)比值、固液比、双氧水的质量分数、pH值、浸出时间和浸出温度对金浸出率的影响。结合正交设计优化实验方法,提出了从废弃印刷线路板中碘化法浸取金的最佳工艺条件：碘的质量分数为1.1％,n(I₂)∶n(I^-)=1∶10,双氧水的质量分数为1.5％,浸出时间4 h,固液比为1∶10,浸出温度为常温（25℃）,溶液pH值为中性,此时金浸出率可达97.5％。     

华东某铀矿区稻米中放射性核素铀污染特征及健康风险评价

为查明华东某铀矿区稻米中放射性核素铀污染现状及健康风险问题,测定铀矿区和对照区共136件稻米样品中放射性核素U含量,采用单因子污染指数法评价放射性铀污染,并开展U元素健康风险评价。结果表明:(1)研究区稻米中U含量平均值为1.46 ng·g~(–1),各亚区稻米中U含量平均值从大到小顺序为:开采矿井区水冶场区含矿未采区废弃矿井区江西省背景值对照区;(2)稻米单因子污染指数为1.25,属于轻度污染。其中,开采矿井区和水冶厂区为轻度污染,废弃矿井区和对照区未受污染;(3)首次计算提出江西省大米U元素致癌风险最大斜率系数为1.04×10~3(d·kg)·mg~(–1)。各亚区稻米中成人和儿童致癌风险指数高低顺序均为:开采矿井区水冶厂区含矿未采区废弃矿井区对照区。儿童直接饮食稻米具有一定的致癌风险;开采矿井区和水冶厂区的成人存在一定致癌风险,含矿未采区和废弃矿井区以及对照区均无致癌风险。     

Determination of Au(III) and Pd(II) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in some environmental samples after solid phase extraction

A simple and sensitive solid phase extraction method was developed for simultaneous separation and preconcentration of gold and palladium ions with N-(4-methylphenyl)-2-{[(4-phenyl-5-pyridine-4-yl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]acetyl}hydrazine carbo thioamide complex on Amberlite XAD-1180 resin before their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Some analytical parameters such as HNO₃ concentration of the sample solution, amount of complexing agent, sample volume, eluent type and volume, effects of foreign ions and adsorption capacity of the resin were investigated for quantitative recovery of gold and palladium ions. The effects of some anions and cations were also examined. Under optimum conditions, the detection limits for gold and palladium ions were found to be 0.29 and 0.19 μg L^?1, respectively. The preconcentration factor for gold and palladium was 250. After being validated by standard addition and analysis of standard reference material, the procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of sea and stream water, anodic slime, gold ore, soil and electronic waste.     

Gold Mining: Is It Worth Its Weight?

Gold (Au) accounts for only 0.004 g/ton of the earth's crust and is the most desired element. With an average annual world production of approximately 2,500 tons, the current methods of Au mining in developing countries cause major environmental issues. These issues vary from deforestation to cyanide and mercury (Hg) contamination. This article presents several cases of environmental catastrophes caused by Au mining in different regions of the world (Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and South America). It discusses the currently available processes for the large-scale extraction of metallic Au grains and supports the need for an alternative sustainable process.     

An improved method to study the impact of pesticide sprays on small song birds

Abstract

Four test groups of small songbirds (Zebra Finch, Poephila guttata) were sprayed in a chamber with varying concentrations of fenitrothion. Exposure levels were assessed by monitoring air concentrations, deposits of the active ingredient (AI) on glass plates and droplets/cm² on Kromekote® cards. All indices of exposure were linearly correlated and the mean AI deposit on glass plates for the four groups tested were equivalent to 38, 51, 139 and 255 g/ha or 14%, 18%, 50% and 91% of the highest permissible emitted rate for broadscale forest spraying in Canada. Significant depression in body weights and brain acetylcholinesterase levels were noted only for the highest exposure group. Fenitrothion residues in blood were detectable only at the highest exposure level, and in liver at the two higher levels. Carcass and feather residues were much higher than those in blood and liver, and were detectable at all exposure levels but the residues did not increase linearly with exposure. For one of the spray groups, we were able to compute an equivalent acute oral dose based on matching acetylcholinesterase inhibition.