杭嘉湖水网平原村域水环境污染及其负荷分析

文章以浙汀德清杨墩村为代表,分析评价了杨墩村河道的水质,估算了杨墩村不同污染源COD和氨氮的污染负荷,从而确定了污染控制和冶理的重点.杨墩村养殖业十分发达,规模化养殖和分散养殖同时存在,因此文章把规模化养殖作为点源污染,把分散养殖作为面源污染.然后再结合污染产生的实际方式和杨墩村的具体情况,对污染源进行研究分析.结果表...     

东部平原城市水污染现状及河网结构对水污染影响

以我国经济发达、城市化较高的东部平原地区城市河网水污染现状为例,结合东部平原地区河网的自然结构特征,从水动力学角度研究平原河网结构改变对地表水污染的影响,探讨我国东部平原地区城市河网水污染水动学机理,为采取有效的治理技术手段提供理论基础。     

城市洪水风险图编制研究——以福州为例

洪水风险图是标识区域洪涝成因、量级、特性、危及对象及应急对策等风险信息分布特征的一系列图的总称,当前已成为国内外城市防洪减灾工作中重要的非工程类措施之一。针对我国对洪水风险图的多元化需求,从不同服务目的出发对洪水风险图编制工作进行研究。提出了洪水风险图分层编制技术,将洪水风险图划分为实际洪水淹没图、洪水风险预测图和水灾风险评价信息等3个层次,并根据分层设计原则对编制不同类型洪水风险图所需的既往洪水信息、洪水风险预测信息、水灾风险评价信息做了详细论述。提出将洪涝仿真模拟技术应用于城市洪水风险图编制工作之中,针对洪水风险图的应用目的合理选定计算模型的初始条件、边界条件与运行控制方式等,经模拟计算获取编制洪水风险图所需的洪水风险信息。     

基于过程的河北平原农田生态系统稳定性评价

论文旨在探讨河北平原区农田生态系统稳定性的概念及内涵,构建稳定性评价指标体系并进行定量评价实证研究。首先,在总结生态系统领域有关稳定性研究相关成果的基础上,结合农田生态系统稳定性的特点,给出了农田生态系统稳定性的概念,并分析了其稳定性内涵。然后,以县域为研究单元构建了一个包括产量形成、投入产出、土壤生态等主导过程及生态环境效应4个方面22个具体指标的评价指标体系。最后,构建了区域农田生态系统稳定性评价的数学模型;并以雄县为例,运用所建模型进行评价,发现1995~2005年该区农田生态系统稳定性水平变化较大且呈阶段性发展,1995~1999年呈直线式逐年下降,2000~2005年呈波浪式发展,且投入产出过程对该区农田生态系统稳定性影响最大。     

新疆艾比湖流域平原区景观植被属性特征研究

在对新疆艾比湖流域平原区进行景观生态分类的基础上,利用“3S”技术叠置研究区草地资源类型图与景观类型图,对研究区景观植被属性特征进行分析。结果表明,研究区主要为荒漠、草原和草甸,共有33个植物群落类型,小蓬荒漠、梭梭荒漠、刚毛柽柳荒漠等各类荒漠面积合计约占研究区总面积的74．10％,芦苇草甸、含胡杨的芦苇草甸及矮嵩草草甸等各类草甸及草原面积也较大,占研究区总面积的18．34％。     

浅析新疆平原水库的环境地质问题

文章从新疆平原水库的特点及其作用出发,阐明了平原水库较适宜新疆的自然地理和经济状况;同时也分析了平原水库存在的环境地质问题及其治理措施,并强调病险库治理的迫切性     

Behaviour of pendimethalin in tropical and mediterranean plain field condition

Abstract

Behaviour of the herbicide pendimethalin [N‐(l‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine] was evaluated in plain field under wet tropical conditions (Martinique, FWI) and in the Mediterranean area (Languedoc, South of France). Simultaneously, adsorption parameters were discussed with Freundlich equation, and desorption evaluated using a model with two compartments corresponding to two different energy levels. Pendimethalin showed a strong adsorption in all three soils and was very difficult to desorb. Higher clay content in tropical vertisol and ferrisol involved adsorption parameters (Kfa) higher than the one found in the Mediterranean fluvisol. Although heavy rainfalls in the tropics intervene on migration, pendimethalin propensity to leaching is levelled by its strong adsorption potential and appears very limited under the conditions chosen during this work. Half‐life of the compound (in the 0–25 cm soil layer) varied from 13 to 17 days. Pendimethalin was also classified as a “non‐leacher” compound using the “Gustafson model”.     

Assessment of spatial variability in some soil properties as related to soil salinity and alkalinity in Bafra plain in northern Turkey

The objectives of this study were to assess the variability in soil properties affecting salinity and alkalinity, and to analyze spatial distribution patterns of salinity (EC) and alkalinity (ESP) in the plain, which was used irrigation agriculture with low quality waters. Soil samples were collected from 0–30cm, 30–60cm, 60–90cm and 90–120cm soil depths at 60 sampling sites. Soil pH had the minimum variability, and hydraulic conductivity (Ks) had the maximum variability at all depths. The mean values of pH, EC, ESP and Ks increased while the mean values of CEC decreased with soil depth. Values pH, EC and ESP were generally high in the east and northeastern sides. Soil properties indicated moderate to strong spatial dependence. ESP and pH were moderately spatially dependent for three of the four depths, EC exhibited moderate spatial dependence for one of the four depths, CEC had a moderate spatial dependence at all depths, and Ks exhibited a strong spatial dependence. EC, CEC, and ESP were considerably variable in small distances. The spatial variability in small distances of EC, CEC, pH and ESP generally increased with depth. All geostatistical range values were greater than 1230m. It was inferred that the strong spatial dependency of soil properties would be resulted in extrinsic factors such as ground water level, drainage, irrigation systems and microtopography.     

Land-Use Planning in the Chaco Plain (Burruyacú, Argentina): Part 2: Generating a Consensus Plan to Mitigate Land-Use Conflicts and Minimize Land Degradation

The Burruyacú district (Tucumán province, Northwest Argentina) has been traditionally an area with rural activities based on the exploitation of the Chaco forest for timber and livestock browsing. Since the 1960s, local institutions started promoting soybean due to favorable land conditions and good market prices. Soybean extension, as from the 1970s, has resulted in important reduction of the Chaco forest and also caused physical soil degradation, especially soil compaction and erosion. A land-use-planning exercise was carried out using the Land-Use Planning and Information System (LUPIS) as a spatial decision support system. LUPIS facilitates the generation of alternative land-use plans by adjusting the relative importance attributed by multiple stakeholders to preference and avoidance policies. The system leads to the allocation of competing land uses to land map units in accordance with their preferred resource requirements, conditional upon the resource base of the area and the stakeholders' demands. After generating a land use plan for each stakeholder category identified in the study area, including commercial farmers, conservative/conventional farmers, and conservationists, a consensus plan was established to address the land-use conflicts between mechanized agriculture, traditional agriculture and forest conservation, and to mitigate soil degradation caused by extensive dry-farming. Although the planning exercise did not directly involve the stakeholders, the results are sufficiently practical and realistic to suggest that the approach could be extended to the entire Chaco plain region.     

水稻秸秆还田对福州平原稻田土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性影响

为阐明早稻与晚稻生长期土壤水稳性团聚体分布及其稳定性对秸秆还田的响应,以福州平原红壤水稻田为研究对象,对秸秆还田后早稻田和晚稻田土壤水稳性团聚体分布特征及其稳定性,包括粒径0.25 mm团聚体的百分含量R0.25、平均质量直径(MWD)、平均几何直径(GMD)和分型维数(D)进行测定与分析.研究结果表明,秸秆还田和对照样地,0~40 cm土层中早稻与晚稻生长期土壤均表现为水稳性团聚体组成以微团聚体(0.25 mm粒级团聚体)为主,团聚体粒级越大,含量越少;秸秆还田对0~40 cm土层中早稻田土壤水稳性大团聚体和微团聚体总含量的影响均不显著,但秸秆还田显著增加了晚稻田土壤水稳性大团聚体(粒径0.25 mm)含量(p0.05),并显著减少了土壤水稳性微团聚体含量(p0.05);秸秆还田对早稻田土壤水稳性团聚体MWD、GMD和D值影响均不显著,但显著增加了晚稻田土壤水稳性团聚体MWD和GMD值,显著降低了土壤水稳性团聚体D值(p0.05);秸秆还田对早稻田土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性影响不显著,但显著增加了晚稻田土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性(p0.05).