Oral administration of potassium bromate, a major water disinfection by-product, induces oxidative stress and impairs the antioxidant power of rat blood

Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is a widely used food additive, a water disinfection by-product and a known nephrotoxic agent. The effect of KBrO₃ on rat blood, especially on the anti-oxidant defense system, was studied in this work. Animals were given a single oral dose of KBrO₃ (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h after this treatment. Blood was collected from the animals and separated into plasma and erythrocytes. KBrO₃ administration resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels and decreased the reduced glutathione content indicating the induction of oxidative stress in blood. Methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity were significantly increased while the total anti-oxidant power was greatly reduced upon KBrO₃ treatment. Nitric oxide levels were enhanced while vitamin C concentration decreased in KBrO₃ treated animals. The activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes were also altered upon KBrO₃ treatment. The maximum changes in all these parameters were 48 h after the administration of KBrO₃ and then recovery took place. These results show for the first time that KBrO₃ induces oxidative stress in blood and impairs the anti-oxidant defense system. Thus impairment in the anti-oxidant power and alterations in the activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes may play an important role in mediating the toxic effects of KBrO₃ in the rat blood. The study of such biochemical events in blood will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of KBrO₃ and also for devising methods to overcome its toxic effects.     

电-Fenton法降解青霉素的动力学研究

采用电-Fenton法处理青霉素钠(Penicillin G sodium, PGN)模拟废水,当T=20℃,pH=3时,投加0.5g·l-1 FeSO4和0.2ml·l-1 H2O2,在0.6A电流下降解青霉素钠废水(100 mg·l-1), 20min后青霉素钠去除率为79%,40min后去除率为95%.拟合实验数据得到青霉素钠降解反应的速率方程式为:-d[PGN]/dt=2.35×106 exp(-32869.4/RT )[Fe2 ]0.53[H2O2]0.8[PGN]1.14反应速率常数和反应级数表明,初始阶段降解反应进行非常迅速,且H2O2浓度比Fe2 浓度对电-Fenton降解反应的影响重要.