Analysis of di-n-butyl phthalate and other organic pollutants in Chongqing women undergoing parturition

In this study, 40 healthy women from Chongqing undergoing parturition were recruited and samples of venous blood, umbilical cord blood, breast milk and urine were collected for analysis of organic pollutants by GC/MS. A total of 292 different organic pollutants were detected, including 156 in venous blood, 139 in umbilical cord blood, 176 in breast milk and 138 in urine. Nine different PAEs were detectable in the samples: di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), bis(2-methylpropyl) phthalate, butyl-8-methyl-nonyl phthalate, di-ethyl phthalate, butyl-2-methylpropyl phthalate, butyloctyl phthalate, di-dodecyl phthalate, di-isodecyl phthalate, and di-tridecyl phthalate. DBP was one of the chemicals detected at the highest frequency (48.82%). DBP concentrations were 84.75 ± 33.52, 52.23 ± 32.50, 57.78 ± 35.42 and 24.93 ± 18.67 μg/l in venous blood, umbilical cord blood, breast milk and urine, respectively. This study represents the first investigation of organic pollutants in a Chongqing population.     

Molecular indicators for pollution source identification in marine and terrestrial water of the industrial area of Kavala city, North Greece

Eight terrestrial and four marine water samples were collected from the industrial section of the city of Kavala in northern Greece to determine the occurrence and distribution of organic contaminants, as well as to identify the molecular markers of different emission sources. The samples were analyzed by means of non-target screening analyses. The analytical procedure included a sequential extraction of the samples, GC-FID, GC/MS analyses, and additional quantitative analyses of selected pollutants. The results show a wide variety of compounds including halogenated compounds, technical additives and metabolites, phosphates, phthalates, benzothiazoles, etc. A close relationship between many of the contaminants and their emission sources was determined based on their molecular structures and information on technical applications.     

On-Site Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Analysis to Streamline Vapor Intrusion Investigations

Distinguishing between vapor intrusion and indoor sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a significant challenge in conventional vapor intrusion assessments. For this research project, the authors developed a step-by-step protocol to streamline building-specific investigations by using on-site gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and building pressure manipulation to determine the source of VOCs in indoor air during a 1-day field investigation. Protocol validation included implementation in industrial buildings and testing alongside conventional methods. The new protocol compares favorably to conventional approaches, yielding more definitive results in less time. This article presents three case studies which illustrate application of the protocol.     

Formation of multiple trimethylsilyl derivatives in the derivatization of 17α-ethinylestradiol with BSTFA or MSTFA followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination

N,O-bis(trimethylsily)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and N-methyl-N(trimethylsily) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) are common derivatization reagents used in the GC-MS analysis of estrogen steroids such as estrone (E1) and 17(-ethinylestradiol (EE2). In this study, three trimethylsilyl (TMS) steroid derivatives, mono-and di-trimethylsilyl EE2 and mono-trimethylsilyl E1, were observed during the derivatization of EE2 with BSTFA or MSTFA and/or GC separation. Factors influencing the production of multiple TMS derivatives and their relative abundance were examined. It was found that both methanol and bisphenol A competed with estrogenic esteroids when reacting with silylation reagents, and thus affected the formation of TMS derivatives and their relative abundance in the derivatization products. Methanol was found to be more reactive than bisphenol A with the BSTFA reagent. None of the three solvents tested in this study could prevent the generation of multiple TMS derivatives during the derivatization of EE2 with BSTFA, followed by GC analysis. A similar result was observed using MSTFA as the derivative reagent followed by GC analysis. Thus, the suitability of BSTFA or MSTFA as the derivatization reagent for the determination of E1 and EE2 by GC-MS, under the conditions reported here, is questionable. This problem can be solved by adding trimethylsilylimidaz (TMSI) in the BSTFA reagent as recommended, and the performance of the method has been proved in this study.     

中药菊花中12种农药残留量的气相色谱检测方法研究

采用气相色谱仪同时检测中药菊花中12种有机磷和有机氯农药的残留量.用丙酮、石油醚(体积比为6:4)混合溶剂浸泡中药菊花2 h,超声振荡30 min,过滤;滤液经C18柱、石墨碳柱固相萃取、净化.采用电子捕获检测器、程序升温、SPB-5(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)毛细管柱气相色谱检测技术对菊花中12种农药残留进行分析.结果表明,12种农药残留在22 min内均可很好地得以分离,最低检出浓度为0.01～0.05 mg/L;12种农药的添加回收率为74.7%～100.6%,线性范围为0.1～10.0 mg/L,线性相关系数r2≥0.992 2.本文建立了中药菊花中12种农药残留量的气相色谱分析方法,符合农药多残留分析的要求.     

空气预浓缩气相色谱/质谱法测定南京环境空气中二硫化碳

采用不锈钢采样罐采集全量空气样品,使用空气预浓缩冷冻的方法从空气样品中提取二硫化碳,经气相色谱/质谱仪测定,判断确定空气恶臭物质的种类和污染来源。方法的最低检测浓度为0.003mg/m3,能够满足中国(TJ36-79)居住区大气中有害物质二硫化碳的最高容许浓度0.04mg/m3(一次值)标准的测定要求。     

工业区大气挥发性有机物特征研究

采用预浓缩仪-气相色谱/质谱联用系统对上海某工业区的6个点位进行一年的监测.结果表明:该地区共检出46种挥发性有机物,平均VOCs浓度为228.91 μg/m3,其中含量最高的为酯类55.97 μg/m3、卤代烷烃55.15 μg/m3、苯系物41.95 μg/m3.苯系物中甲苯含量最高.分析该地区VOCs时空变化规律发现12月质量浓度最高、10月最低,季节变化规律为冬＞秋＞春＞夏.居民敏感点和清洁对照点的VOCs浓度较低,某化工企业点位浓度最高、其卤代烷烃污染较为严重.     

毛细管色谱-多离子检测质谱法测定土壤中2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁(2,3,7,8-TCDD)

环境中的多氯二苯并二(口恶)(口英)(PCDD_s)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDF_s)是当今最受重视的污染物之一,其中PCDD_s有75个异构体而PCDF_s有135个异构体,它们的毒性大小显著地依赖于氯原子的取代数和取代位置,由于这类污染物的低溶解度和高的辛醇/水分配系数,主要分布在土壤(85％)和沉积物(14％)中,只有1％进入空气、水和生物体.在自然环境中这类污染物代谢降解速度缓慢,从而增加了环境污染的复杂性.而鉴别这类污染物就成为一个主要研究课题.     

固相萃取法测定水源水中的有机磷农药

采用固相萃取盘萃取水中的有机污染物,以大口径毛细管柱气相色谱法一火焰光度检测器（CGC/FPD）定量测定了水源水中的有机磷农药研究了10种有机磷农药的气相色谱法（GC－FPD）的分析条件结果表明均加标回收率的范围为50％～96％．方法的最低检测限为119～534ng/L．对某水厂水源水中的有机磷农药含量进行了分析测定,结果表明久效磷、敌百虫检出量较大,分别为 0.165μg/L和0.137μg/L,除草醚有痕量检出。     

嘉陵江C市段源水中有机污染物定性研究

采用XAD-2树脂富集水中有机物，用GC＼MS进行定性分析。对嘉陵江C市段水源水中有机污染物进行分析，共检出有机污染物13种，其中以多环芳烃，邻苯二甲酸酯类为主，并且有3种物质为中国环境优先控制污染物，分别是邻苯二甲酸二辛酯，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、荧蒽。