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391.
Monitoring of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) carried out at Anglian Water’s Broadholme sewage treatment plant (STP) is described. The method deployed used headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC/MS) and the addition of isotopically labelled cVMS to correct for partitioning in samples containing high levels of particulate and dissolved organic carbon. The method was capable of measuring cVMS in raw sewage samples, with recoveries of 80%, 85% and 71% respectively, for D4, D5 and D6. The limit of quantification was 0.2 μg L−1 for all three substances. Recoveries close to 100% were observed for all cVMS spiked into treated effluent (LOQ = 0.01 μg L−1). Despite the volatile nature of cVMS and its ubiquitous presence in the ambient atmosphere, the methods deployed showed excellent recoveries, reproducibility and quantification limits. A distinct diurnal variation in cVMS concentration, probably linked with the use of personal care products was observed for raw sewage but not in treated sewage effluent. The estimated per capita consumption of D5 (∼2.7 mg cap−1 d−1) derived for the population served by this plant was significantly lower than that derived in the Environment Agency (UK) risk assessment (11.6 mg cap−1 d−1). The cVMS were highly removed during sewage treatment with efficiencies greater than 98%. The methods and findings of this pilot study can be used as the basis for future studies on the fate of cVMS substances in STPs. 相似文献
392.
Fernando M. Lanças Igor R. B. Olivares Priscila M. Alves 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):491-498
In this work the development, validation and application of method using Solid Phase Microexctration (SPME) for the analyses of five pollutants (phenol, 2-nitrophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chloro, 3-methyl phenol) in supplying water, using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID) is described. The optimal conditions obtained for SPME were: fiber type: Poliacrylate (PA); extraction time: 40 minutes; extraction temperature: 70°C; amount of salt added to sample (NaCl): 15%; desorption temperature: 8 minutes. The parameters studied in the method validation were: limit of detection (0.3 and 3.5 μ g.L? 1); precision, measured by the variation coefficient (between 2.1 and 8.8%); calibration curve and linearity, by using the external standardization method (between 1 and 50 50 μ g.L? 1). After the methodology development, samples of water collected in Atibaia River (São Paulo - Brazil) were analyzed, using the optimized methodology. Three water samples collected in the rain season showed a peak with retention time close to 4-chloro, 3 methyl phenol further analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the identity confirmation. In spite of the fact that none target compounds were found in the river water samples analyzed, the presence of two phenols different from those investigated (p-terc butyl phenol; butylated hydroxytoluene) were detected. These results together with the results of the limit of detection (that showed to be lower than the maximum concentration of phenols demanded by different environment control agencies), and the results of the validation, indicate the applicability of this method for the analysis of selected phenols in river water samples. 相似文献
393.
394.
张理扬 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,(5):57-59,91
固相微萃取是一种操作简便、分析快速、无溶剂参与的样品前处理技术。通过采用固相微萃取富集水中的松节油,气相色谱质谱法分析,整个过程只需要25 min。该方法检出限为0.02 mg/L,样品加标回收率为90.0%~130%,相对标准偏差为3.49%~14.6%,完全能够满足日常环境管理需要。 相似文献
395.
Chung‐Min Liao Dwaine S. Bundy 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1219-1249
Abstract A bacteria additives treatment experiment in assessing the changes in gaseous mass transfer from stored swine manure is presented. The experiment is tested for ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide emission data sampled from pilot swine manure columns and analyzed by GC/MS. The result shows that bacteria additives slightly reduce the methane and carbon dioxide releases, while the same additives do not show any effect on the reduction of ammonia. The hydrogen sulfide contents of stored swine manure continued to be low. Gas concentrations emitted from treated and untreated stored swine manure were: 3.76 and 2.2 ppm for methane, 0.35 and 0.11 ppm for ammonia, and 1000 and 470 ppm for carbon dioxide, respectively. A simple model to estimate gas emission rates is also developed from the viewpoint of two‐film resistance theory. The average emission rates calculated from the model for methane, ammonia, and carbon dioxide are respectively: 0.01, 0.0005, and 13.98 g/min from untreated stored manure; while 0.07, 0.096, and 0.55 g/min from treated manure. The emission model also indicates that for most gaseous pollutants of environmental concern, liquid phase transfer coefficient controls the rate of volatile compounds emitted from stored swine manure and gas phase transfer coefficient has insignificant effect in the calculation of overall mass transfer coefficient. 相似文献
396.
Levels of dechlorane plus and polybrominated diphenylethers in human milk in two Canadian cities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Siddique S Xian Q Abdelouahab N Takser L Phillips SP Feng YL Wang B Zhu J 《Environment international》2012,39(1):50-55
Flame retardant dechlorane plus (DP) and several polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE) congeners have been measured in 87 human milk samples collected in two Canadian cities: Kingston and Sherbrooke. The levels of PBDEs in human milk (mean (median), ng g− 1 lipid weight = 10 (5.9), 4.1 (2.8), 3.0 (1.6), 5.12 (1.6), and 15 (ND) for BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, and BDE-209, respectively) were comparable to those reported in Europe, U.S.A. and China. The levels of DP, with a mean value of 0.98 ng g− 1 and a median value of 0.60 ng g− 1 (lipid weight), were two to ten times lower than those of concurrently measured major PBDEs including BDE-209. While there is little difference in the levels of measured contaminants in milk samples collected from the two cities, the contaminants levels in human milk show, indicated by Principal Components Analysis, that DP, deca-BDE, and penta-BDE come from three distinct sources. The mean and median isomer ratio values of DP in milk were 0.67 and 0.69, respectively, very similar to that of DP commercial products. 相似文献
397.
建立了活性污泥中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的分析方法。活性污泥经超声波辅助萃取,用酸性硅胶、铜粉及复合硅胶柱纯化后,采用气质联用色谱(GC/MS)对7种PBDEs单体进行测定,内标法定量。结果表明,该方法具有很好的精密性和准确性,方法检测限为17~121 pg/g,加标回收率为84.5%~109.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%~2.8%,回收率指示物3,3’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-77)的回收率平均值为89.2%,RSD为0.8%,能够满足活性污泥中PBDEs的测定要求。采用所建立的方法对杭州和台州的活性污泥样品进行了测定,结果显示,台州样品中PBDEs含量高于杭州样品,但两者都低于相关文献所报道的北美及欧洲国家活性污泥中PBDEs的含量。 相似文献
398.
以等体积浸渍法制备了负载型NiOγ/-Al2O3吸附剂,在固定床反应装置上对含苯并噻吩的模型化合物进行反应吸附脱硫实验,考察了NiO负载量、模型化合物硫含量及活性组分的形态对吸附剂脱硫性能的影响,并用XRD、SEM—EDS分析、XPS分析对载体和吸附剂进行了表征。实验结果表明:NiOγ/-Al2O3吸附剂具有较高的穿透硫容,能有效脱除模型化合物中的苯并噻吩;反应过程中生成了NiS;C的沉积以及Ni的硫化物的生成导致了吸附剂的失活。 相似文献
399.
400.