乌鲁木齐市大气污染物浓度与 GDP、耗煤量之间关系探讨

通过对1998-2009年乌鲁木齐市GDP值、耗煤量、大气污染物排放量及其浓度进行分析,结果表明,GDP的增长与耗煤量之间具有很高的线性相关性,"蓝天工程"实施后,各类污染物质在不同年度有着不同的起伏波动,但总的趋势是逐步降低,2005年以后,这种波动降低的趋势越来越不明显,说明目前的政策和治理手段对进一步改善环境空气...     

节约型社会指标体系框架设计与广东节约水平现状评价

节约型社会指标体系贯穿了循环经济的思想，包括减量化、再使用再循环、节约支撑能力、资源禀赋变化与弹性系数等4领域共51个指标。应用该指标体系估算结果表明，广东省节能、节地、节水、节材、减污、资源化等核心指标目前高于全国平均水平，且每年均有所提升。高新技术产业产值占工业总产值比重、第三产业比重、行政管理费用所占GDP在全国属于领先地位，反映广东与其它地区的差异已经从数量的差异发展为结构性差异。GDP质量优于全国平均水平。但能源消费弹性系数反映出粗放型特征没有根本转变。水环境功能区水质达标率偏低，在制度支撑、科技支撑、教育支撑指标等方面亟待改进。     

Environmental,economic and social costs and benefits of a packaging waste management system: A Portuguese case study

The impact of the management of packaging waste on the environment, economic growth and job creation is analyzed in this paper. This integrated assessment intends to cover a gap in the literature for this type of studies, using the specific case study of the Portuguese packaging waste management system (SIGRE).The net environmental benefits associated with the management of packaging waste, are calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The results show that, for the categories studied, the impacts associated to SIGRE's various activities are surpassed by the benefits associated to material and energy recovery, with special focus on recycling. For example, in 2011 SIGRE avoided the emission of 116 kt CO₂ equiv. – the equivalent carbon emission of the electricity consumption of 124.000 households in Portugal.The economic impact of SIGRE is evaluated through Input–Output Analysis. It was found that SIGRE's activities also have a significant economic impact. For example, their added value are ranked amongst the upper third of the economic activities with highest multiplier effect at national level: this means that for each Euro of value added generated within SIGRE, 1.25 additional € are added to the rest of the economy (multiplier effect of 2.25).Regarding the social impacts of SIGRE, the number of direct jobs associated with the system is estimated to be more than two thousand and three hundred workers. Out of these, 83% are connected to the management of municipal waste packaging (selective collection and sorting), 15% are connected to the management of non-municipal packaging waste and only 2% are connected to the Sociedade Ponto Verde (SPV, green dot society in English) – the management entity responsible for SIGRE.In general terms, the results obtained provide quantitative support to the EEA (2011) suggestion that moving up the waste hierarchy – from landfilling to recycling – creates jobs and boosts the economy.     

Tracking progress on the economic costs of disasters under the indicators of the sustainable development goals

The Sustainable Development Goals indicator framework identifies as an indicator of progress the objective of reducing disaster losses as a proportion of global gross domestic product. This short analysis presents data on this indicator from 1990. In constant 2017 US dollars, both weather-related and non-weather related catastrophe losses have increased, with a 74% increase in the former and 182% increase in the latter since 1990. However, since 1990 both overall and weather/climate losses have decreased as proportion of global GDP, indicating progress with respect to the SDG indicator. Extending this trend into the future will require vigilance to exposure, vulnerability and resilience in the face of uncertainty about the future frequency and magnitude of extreme events.     

中国的产业产值与能源消耗碳排放相关性研究

中国经济发展过程中,GDP对碳排放存在单向Granger因果关系.本研究通过2005~2007年30个省市区的产业产值和三次产业生产过程中能源消耗总碳排放量(简述为碳排放量)数据,探讨碳排放量与产业产值之间的线性相关关系.结果表明,总GDP与碳排放量之间,第二、三产业产值与碳排放量间存在显著的线性相关关系.第一产业产值与碳排放量之间不存在显著线性相关关系.以第二、三名义产业产产值为自变量拟合的方程比研究中其他方程能更好地计算碳排放量.     

Current situation and development of Chinese urban forestry

This paper introduces Chinese urban forestry research in terms of the concept, forest types, ecosystem services, spatial structure, planning and construction, assessment and management. Modern Chinese urban forest had a close relationship with traditional landscape architecture. Urban forest services had been quantified in some case cities, and determined by urban forest spatial patterns and internal structures. Based on landscape ecology and urban planning, urban forest spatial patterns have been analysed and planned rationally in some cities. However, studies on urban forestry generally lack long-term, continuous and systemic observations, as well as in-depth research on ecological processes and mechanisms. The development trends in urban forestry in China might include extensive application of '3S' technology, research on the relationship between urban forest landscape spatial patterns and their ecological effects, economic assessment, ecological and economic benefits and studies on the negative effects of pollutants.     

基于能值分析的陕西省榆林市绿色GDP动态研究

绿色GDP是在扣除自然资源消耗与环境损耗之后的GDP,是衡量城市可持续发展的重要指标。资源型城市作为以资源开发利用为主的城市,对自然资源消耗以及环境资源损耗更为严重,因此对其绿色GDP进行研究具有更加深刻的意义。论文利用Odum生态经济系统能值理论和方法,以资源型城市陕西省榆林市为例,对其2005—2012年间国民经济生产过程中消耗的不可更新资源和环境损耗进行定量分析,计算消耗的不可更新资源和环境损耗的能值及其能值-货币价值,从而核算了榆林市2005—2012年间的绿色GDP变化,结论如下：1）榆林市绿色GDP占比由81.2%下降到44.1%,并且这种趋势在持续扩大;2）不可更新能源的利用几乎以每年10%的速率递增,不可更新能源占GDP的比重由2005年的13.35%上升到2012年的44.8%,是造成榆林市绿色GDP偏低的主要原因;3）榆林市不可更新能源消耗仍以煤炭为主,煤炭利用达到化石能源利用的90%以上,辅助伴有石油与天然气;4）榆林市环境损耗主要是由废气、废水和固体废弃物3部分组成,其中废气的组成占80%以上。     

我国能源耗水空间特征及其协调发展脱钩分析

水与能源之间有着复杂而密切的联系,两者之间的相互关系已成为国际社会关注的热点问题。论文通过能源耗水这一概念,试图探究能源生产与用水之间的内在关联,通过空间自相关分析和脱钩分析寻求其发展变化规律,以期为实现水与能源的可持续发展提供借鉴。结果表明：我国几类主要能源的耗水空间分布差异较大,且与能源自身的空间分布特征有相似之处。火电、水电和原煤耗水强度具有明显的空间集聚特征,H-H集聚区范围逐渐扩大,集聚程度不断增强,而原油和天然气耗水强度呈随机分布特征,无空间自相关性。全国范围内,各类能源耗水与总用水量和GDP之间的协调关系均呈不断恶化的趋势,能源耗水的增长速度在逐步超越经济发展和总用水量变化的速度,节水将是未来产能耗水研究领域中的重要方向。     

The dynamic causal links between CO2 emissions from transport,real GDP,energy use and international tourism

This study examines the dynamic causality relationship between international tourism and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from transport, real gross domestic product and energy use. The vector error correction model and Granger causality test approach have been used to investigate these relationships for the top ten international tourism destinations spanning the period 1995–2013. Results reveal a unidirectional causality running from CO₂ emissions to economic growth without feedback; a bidirectional causality between economic growth and energy use; a bidirectional causality between international tourism and economic growth; and a bidirectional causality between international tourism and energy use. They also suggest that energy use and international tourism both contribute to the decrease of emissions level coming from transport sector, while economic growth leads to the increase of CO₂ emissions. This study can be used in policy recommendations by encouraging countries to use clean energy and to stimulate tourism sector for combating global warming.     

绿色GDP核算实证研究——以成都市为例

针对GDP的缺陷导致自然资源和环境的价值被忽视或扭曲，制约了我国经济可持续发展的问题，提出以绿色GDP来进行国民经济核算，落实科学发展观，并以成都市为例进行了实证研究，得出近年来成都市已加强环保意识，经济正在走向可持续发展道路，绿色GDP核算体系具有深远理论和实践意义。