Effects of temperature on UV-B-induced DNA damage and photorepair in Arabidopsis thaliana

DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs) and (6-4) photopreducts(6-4PPs) induced by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis thaliana at different temperatures was investigated using ELISA with specific monoclonal antibodies. CPDs and 6-4PPs increased during 3 h UV-B exposure, but further exposure led to decreases. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation is temperature-independent because of its photochemical nature, we found UV-B-induction of CPDs and 6-4PPs in Arabidopsis to be slower at a low than at a high temperature. Photorepair of CPDs at 24℃ was much faster than that at 0℃ and 12℃,with 50% CPDs removal during 1 h exposure to white light. Photorepair of 6-4PPs at 12℃ was very slow as compared with that at 24℃,and almost no removal of 6-4PPs was detected after 4 h exposure to white light at 0℃. There was evidence to suggest that temperaturedependent DNA damage and photorepair could have important ecological implications.     

基于SSP-RCP情景的黄土高原土地变化模拟及草原碳储量

探索未来气候变化情景下土地利用/覆盖变化（LUCC）和生态系统碳储量的空间分布,可以为优化土地资源再分配和制定社会经济可持续发展政策提供科学依据.研究整合了斑块生成土地利用模拟（PLUS）模型和生态系统服务与权衡综合评价（InVEST）模型,基于CMIP6提供的共享社会经济路径和代表性浓度路径（SSP-RCP）情景,评估了黄土高原LUCC和生态系统碳储量的时空动态变化,分析驱动因素对不同区域的影响程度,探讨各区域碳储量空间相关性.结果表明：①未来3种情景LUCC变化模式相似,耕地、草地和未利用地面积都有不同程度的减少,建设用地急剧扩张,3种情景下的增幅分别为29.23%~53.56%（SSP126）、34.59%~63.28%（SSP245）和42.80%~73.27%（SSP585）.②与2020年相比,2040年SSP126情景碳储量增加1.813 8×10⁶ t,其余情景持续下降;到2060年,3种情景草原碳储量分别减少13.391×10⁶、33.548×10⁶和85.871×10⁶ t.③从空间相关性来看,黄土高原碳储量在市域间存在相关性,未来情景差异不显著,热点分布在研究区中部及中部以北地区,没有明显的冷点区域.④土地利用变化会增加或损失碳储量.林地、耕地和草地比其它土地类型有更多的碳储量,增加它们的面积和限制向其它土地类型转换会增加生态系统碳储量.     

基于人因可靠性的间歇装置SIL分析与改进

IEC 61508和IEC 61511等标准针对连续工艺装置提出了安全仪表系统安全完整性等级评估方法。但对于间歇装置的SIL评估,受人因因素影响水平并未明确,且没有提出相应计算模型。以某六氟磷酸锂间歇生产装置典型SIS为例,采用HAZOP结合LOPA方法对其进行风险分析,在明确间歇生产装置存在人员中毒、窒息及燃烧爆炸风险的基础上,确定并验证其安全仪表系统的SIL,再依据间歇生产装置人工依赖性高,即部分安全仪表系统未接入自动联锁且需人工手动触发的特点,建立人因可靠性模型,来分析人因可靠性对安全仪表系统SIL的影响,并进行改进研究。研究结果表明:人因因素对安全仪表系统SIL有显著影响;可通过改变SIS元件冗余结构、测试策略并结合改进人因管理措施来提高SIL。     

烷烃条件下CF2ClBr的紫外光解离机理研究

以气相色谱、红外光谱为主要分析手段,对气态ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ在ＣＲ２ＣｌＢｒ－Ｃ６Ｈ１２体系中的紫外光解离进行了研究,结果表明,在２５３．７ｎｍ紫外光照射下,该体系的主要光解产物为ＨＣＶＦ２Ｃｌ、ＨＢｒ以及Ｃ６Ｈ１２的聚合物,体系中ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的解离近似精同缀反应,解离反应的速率常数为２．８７７×１０＾－６ｓ＾－１表观量子产率约０．１,基于此,对该光解反应的机理做了分析。     

Bags with oven-dried moss for the active monitoring of airborne trace elements in urban areas

To define a harmonized methodology for the use of moss and lichen bags as active monitoring devices of airborne trace elements in urban areas, we evaluated the element accumulation in bags exposed in Naples in different spring weather conditions for 6- and 12-weeks. Three different pre-exposure treatments were applied to moss and lichen materials: water-washing, acid-washing and oven-drying. During the different exposure periods in the Naples urban environment the moss accumulated always higher amounts of elements (except Hg) than lichens and the element accumulation increased during wetter weather and higher PM₁₀ conditions. The oven pre-treatment did not substantially modify the morphology and element composition of moss and the exposure in bags of this material for 6-weeks was sufficient to detect the pattern of airborne trace elements.     

萘降解质粒pND6的分离和鉴定

从工业废水中分离的假单胞菌 (Pseudomonassp .)ND6菌株 ,能以萘为唯一碳源生长 ,使无机盐培养基(MM)中 2g/L的萘在 48h内降解 98% .该菌株含有一个 115kb的大质粒pND6 .DNA杂交实验表明 ,pND6质粒含有与恶臭假单胞菌 (P .putida)G7菌株的NAH7质粒同源的萘降解基因 .图 3表 1参 14     

铬、镉、铅胁迫对青菜叶片几种生理生化指标的影响

研究了溶液培养条件下铬、镉、铅胁迫对青菜叶片细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量和游离脯氨酸含量等的影响,结果表明：随着Ｃｒ＾６＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋处理时间的延长和处理浓度的增加,青菜叶片细胞膜透性显著增大,叶绿素ａ／ｂ值逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸含量明显增加,其中游离脯氨酸含量增加的时间比细胞膜透性增大明显超前,而叶绿素ａ／ｂ植降低的时间在这３种重金属中未见明显的规律性。     

La—Gly—VB6对Pb—Cd复合胁迫下植物的影响

研究Pb-Cd复合污染对5种树木叶片的生理伤害和La-Gly-VB6对Pb-Cd污染胁迫的缓解作用。实验结果表明,La-Gly-VB6能明显减轻Pb-Cd污染造成的植物叶片叶绿素含量下降、质膜透性增加,过氧化氢酶活性改变和Pb富集量上升。说明La-Gly-VB6对Pb-Cd污染胁迫具有一定的防护作用。     

Characterization of semi-volatile organic compounds emitted during heating of nitrogen-containing plastics at low temperature

Because of recent volume increases, appropriate management of plastic recycling, which generates various organic compounds, is required to ensure the chemical safety of the processes. The processing temperature and resin type are the important factors determining both the efficiency of the processes and the emission of chemicals. Therefore, we studied the thermal degradation of various plastics at various temperatures from 70 to 300 °C under oxygen-present conditions to identify the semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted and to understand their thermal behaviors. The plastics examined were nitrogen-containing resins, such as polyamide 6, polyurethane, melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. Major commodity plastics were also investigated for comparison. In total, more than 500 SVOCs were detected as emissions from plastics. While various nitrogen-containing SVOCs were detected from nitrogen-containing resins, the major commodity plastics released only these, which possibly were included as additives. These results indicate that the nitrogen atoms in the SVOCs emitted originated from the resins and additives, and not from ambient air at low temperature. As a result of the detection of raw materials, degradation chemicals and by-products of the polymers in the emissions, we found that the variation in chemical species is dependent on the resins. Additives were also emitted from all the resins, meaning that these chemicals were also released to the environment at the temperature examined. In most cases, the numbers and concentrations of SVOCs increased with increasing heating temperature. The variation of thermal behaviors of SVOCs was related to the origins and chemical species of SVOCs.     

焙烧温度对N掺杂TiO2催化剂催化性能的影响

以Ti（SO4）2为钛源、碳酸氢铵为氮源,采用均匀沉淀法制得水合沉淀物,在N2保护下对水合沉淀物进行程序升温处理,制得了不同焙烧温度的N掺杂TiO2可见光响应催化剂.以三硝基间苯二酚为目标降解物,研究了所制备微粒在可见光区及紫外光区的光催化活性.对所制备的催化剂采用X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对催化剂进行表征,研究改性催化剂的晶相结构、热稳定性、表面结构和光谱特征.结果表明：N-掺杂TiO2的可见光催化活性显著提高,焙烧温度为300℃时可见光催化活性最为优异,在不降低紫外段催化能力的同时,催化剂的吸收带边红移至468nm.