模拟矿井水中部分离子对蚕豆遗传性损伤的研究

用矿井水作蚕豆微核实验,讨论了F^-、Hg^2＋和Cr^6＋单一及复合污染对蚕豆微核的影响。结果表明,F^-、Hg^2＋和Cr^6＋单一污染均对微核产生显著影响,随着氟化物浓度和Cr6＋浓度的增加,微核率呈上升趋势;随着Hg^2＋和Cr^6＋浓度增加,微核率呈先上升后下降的趋势。两因子方差分析显示,F^-和Hg^2＋复合污染对蚕豆微核率有显著影响。     

二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定水中六价铬样品预处理方法的改进

本文对二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定地表水及工业废水中六价铬的样品预处理方法提出了改进措施。改进方法准、快、简、省,符合环境监测分析要求。用该方法对样品进行预处理后分析,其结果与文献[1]一致。     

La—Gly—VB6对Pb—Cd复合胁迫下植物的影响

研究Pb-Cd复合污染对5种树木叶片的生理伤害和La-Gly-VB6对Pb-Cd污染胁迫的缓解作用。实验结果表明,La-Gly-VB6能明显减轻Pb-Cd污染造成的植物叶片叶绿素含量下降、质膜透性增加,过氧化氢酶活性改变和Pb富集量上升。说明La-Gly-VB6对Pb-Cd污染胁迫具有一定的防护作用。     

Degradation of poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) and polyolefin blends in a municipal wastewater treatment facility

Six types of plastics and plastic blends, the latter composed at least partially of biodegradable material, were exposed to aerobically treated wastewater (activated sludge) to ascertain their biodegradability. In one study, duplicate samples of 6% starch in polypropylene, 12% starch in linear low-density polyethylene, 30% polycaprolactone in linear low-density polyethylene, and poly(-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/V), a microbially produced polyester, were exposed to activated sludge for 5 months, and changes in mass, molecular weight average, and tensile properties were measured. None of the blended material showed any sign of degradation. PHB/V, however, showed a considerable loss of mass and a significant loss of tensile strength. In a second study, PHB/V degraded rapidly, but another type of microbial polymer which forms a thermoplastic elastomer, poly(-hydroxyoctanoate), did not degrade. These results illustrate the potential for disposal and degradation of PHB/V in municipal wastewater.     

从锦纶6生产废水中回收己内酰胺技术的改进

采用三效蒸发－间歇蒸馏技术,从锦纶６生产装置的萃取废水中回收已内酰胺。通过对三效蒸发工艺澈听改进,降低了蒸发冷凝水中已内酰胺单体含量,使蒸发冷凝水全部回用于萃取系统,萃取废水已内酰胺单体的回收率达到９９％。     

Sex pheromone components of male <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tirathaba mundella</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Summary. During peak calling activity by male oil palm bunch moths, Tirathaba mundella Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), their hairpencils, wings or entire body were extracted in hexane. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of hair pencil extracts revealed four compounds that consistently elicited responses from female antennae. The NMR spectrum of isolated compound 1, and mass spectra and retention indices of compounds 1–4 suggested that they were (3S,6S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-3-ol (1), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde (2, vanillin), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (3), and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanol (4). Comparative GC and GC-MS analyses of hair pencils extract and synthetic standards confirmed these structural assignments. Moreover, comparative chromatography of synthetic and hairpencil-isolated 1 on a Cyclodex-B column (which separated the four stereoisomers with baseline resolution) revealed that male T. mundella produce the SS-stereoisomer (SS-1). In field cage bioassay experiments in Palembang, Indonesia, synthetic SS-1 and vanillin in combination, but not singly, attracted female T. mundella. SS-1 plus vanillin were as effective as male T. mundella in attracting females. Compounds 3 and 4 did not enhance the blend's attractiveness. Received October 11 2002; accepted March 14, 2003. R1D=" Correspondence to: Gerhard Gries, email: gries@sfu.ca     

铁炭微电解法降解1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐

使用铁炭微电解法降解1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIM]PF6),并探讨了铁炭微电解法降解[BMIM]PF6的影响因素、工艺条件及其反应动力学.结果表明,影响铁炭微电解降解[BMIM]PF6的因素按从大到小的顺序为:炭铁比、pH、反应时间;铁炭微电解降解[BMIM]PF6的最佳工艺条件是:铁粉用量3g.l-1、水样pH2.5、炭铁比2、反应时间为60—90min;在此条件下,[BMIM]PF6的去除效率可以达到90%以上且该降解反应为三级反应.     

铬、镉、铅胁迫对青菜叶片几种生理生化指标的影响

研究了溶液培养条件下铬、镉、铅胁迫对青菜叶片细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量和游离脯氨酸含量等的影响,结果表明：随着Ｃｒ＾６＋,Ｃｄ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋处理时间的延长和处理浓度的增加,青菜叶片细胞膜透性显著增大,叶绿素ａ／ｂ值逐渐降低,游离脯氨酸含量明显增加,其中游离脯氨酸含量增加的时间比细胞膜透性增大明显超前,而叶绿素ａ／ｂ植降低的时间在这３种重金属中未见明显的规律性。     

烷烃条件下CF2ClBr的紫外光解离机理研究

以气相色谱、红外光谱为主要分析手段,对气态ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ在ＣＲ２ＣｌＢｒ－Ｃ６Ｈ１２体系中的紫外光解离进行了研究,结果表明,在２５３．７ｎｍ紫外光照射下,该体系的主要光解产物为ＨＣＶＦ２Ｃｌ、ＨＢｒ以及Ｃ６Ｈ１２的聚合物,体系中ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的解离近似精同缀反应,解离反应的速率常数为２．８７７×１０＾－６ｓ＾－１表观量子产率约０．１,基于此,对该光解反应的机理做了分析。     

PA6/煤系高岭土复合材料的制备与性能

用不同硅烷类偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂处理煤系高岭土,研究了煤系高岭土活化指数的变化,制备了PA6／煤系高岭土复合材料,研究了材料的力学性能和结晶行为。结果表明：在PA6中填充用偶联剂处理的煤系高岭土,可起到增强作用,其中钛酸脂偶联剂NDZ101效果较好,其合适用量为1％,经偶联剂处理的煤系高岭土比未处理的煤系高岭土具有更好的增强效果;煤系高岭土使尼龙6的结晶温度升高,结晶速度加快。