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21.
Using environmental stressor information to predict the ecological status of Maryland non-tidal streams as measured by biological indicators 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Vølstad JH Roth NE Mercurio G Southerland MT Strebel DE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,84(3):219-242
In Maryland, U.S., an interim framework has recentlybeen developed for using biologically based thresholds, or `biocriteria', to assess the health of nontidal streams statewide at watershed scales. The evaluation of impairment is based on indices of biological integrity from the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS). We applied logistic regression to quantify how the biotic integrity of streams at a local scale is affected by cumulative effects resulting from catchment land uses, point sources, and nearby transmission line rights-of-way. Indicators for land use were developed from the remote sensing National Land Cover Data and applied at different scales. We determined that the risk of local impairment in nontidal streams rapidly increases with increased urban land use in the catchment area. The average likelihood of failing biocriteria doubled with every 10% points increment in urban land, thus an increase in urban land use from 0 to 20% quadruples the risk of impairment. For the basins evaluated in this study, catchments with more than 40–50% urban land use had greater than 80% probability of failing biocriteria, on average. Inclusion of rights-of-way and point sources in the model did not significantly improve the fit for this data set, most likely because of their low numbers. The overall results indicate that our predictive modeling approach can help pinpoint stream ecosystems experiencing or vulnerable to degradation. 相似文献
22.
Geostatistical Uncertainty Modelling for the Environmental Hazard Assessment During Single Erosive Rainstorm Events 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Diodato N 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,105(1-3):25-42
This paper presents an environmental hazard assessment to account the impacts of single rainstorm variability on river-torrential landscape identified as potentially vulnerable mainly to erosional soil degradation processes. An algorithm for the characterisation of this impact, called Erosive Hazard Index (EHI), is developed with a less expensive methodology. In EHI modelling, we assume that the river-torrential system has adapted to the natural hydrological regime, and a sudden fluctuation in this regime, especially those exceeding thresholds for an acceptable range of flexibility, may have disastrous consequences for the mountain environment. The hazard analysis links key rainstorm energy variables expressed as a single-storm erosion index (EIsto), with impact thresholds identified using an intensity pattern model. Afterwards, the conditional probabilities of exceeding these thresholds are spatially assessed using non-parametric geostatistical techinques, known as indicator kriging. The approach was applied to a test site in river-torrential landscape of the Southern Italy (Benevento province) for 13 November 1997 rainstorm event. 相似文献
23.
报导了兰州市一年内大气中TSP及其成分含量的监测结果、污染程度和变化规律,为兰州市进一步治理大气污染,加强环境管理,提高环境质量提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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研究地理信息系统(GIS)技术在环境综合治理中的应用,基于ArcViewGIS探讨实现GIS热链接的方法,通过Avenue语言编写程序进行ArcView的二次开发,同时建立文本、图像热链接,克服系统只能实现单一对象热连接的不便.建立环境治理区城图像数据库、基础信息数据库,应用地理信息系统技术实现环境治理工程规划设计、检查验收的可视化.通过ArcViewGIS的热链接功能提供准确的、可视化的环境综合治理依据. 相似文献
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汕头港水域温排水热扩散的三维数值模拟 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
本文建立了汕头港水域温排水扩散的三维数学模型,并采用特征差分方法求其解,对该法在三维情况下的稳定作了推导,给出了判断公式,上述模型被应用于汕头热电厂废热水排放的环境影响评价中,实例计算表明,该模型算法程序简单,计算结果合理。 相似文献
29.
渤海江豚组织中钠,钙,锶,镁,磷,钾的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1990年,作者于辽东湾采集了10头江豚标本,分别测定了其骨骼、皮肤、肌肉、肝脏、肺、肾、心、胃、肠、胰、脾、肾上腺及生殖腺等13种组织中Ca、Sr、Mg、P、K、Na6种元素的含量,详细分析了骨骼及其他各组织中的Ca/Mg值、Ca/K值、Ca/P值、Ca/Na值和Ca/Sr×100值。结果表明,Ca、Sr、Mg、P,K在骨骼中累积率最高,钾在肌肉中具有高累积,Sr、Ca在肌肉中累积率最低;Mg累积率最低的组织是生殖腺,P累积率最低的组织是肠,而K在骨骼中,Na在肌肉中的累积率均高于其他组织。分析结果还显示,Ca/Mg值最高的是骨骼,最低为肌肉,Ca/P值最高的是骨骼,最低的是肌肉和胰脏,Ca/K值最高为骨骼,最低为脾Ca/Sr×100值最高为肺、最低为肠,而K/Na值最高为肌肉,最低为骨骼,在骨中Ca/P值大约为1,类同于猫和人类。 相似文献
30.
A Simulation of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Carbon at Landscape Level: A Case Study for Lake Abitibi Model Forest in Ontario,Canada 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Xiaolu Zhou Changhui Peng Qing-Lai Dang Jiaxin Chen Sue Parton 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(4):525-543
Using a case study of the Lake Abitibi Model Forest (LAMF), this study aims to assess the temporal and spatial variability
in carbon storage during 1990–2000, and to present a comprehensive estimation of the carbon budget for LAMF's ecosystems.
As well, it provided the information needed by local forest managers to develop ecological and carbon-based indicators and
monitor the sustainability of forest ecosystems. Temporal and spatial carbon dynamics were simulated at the landscape level
using ecosystem model TRIPLEX1.0 and Geographical Information System (GIS). The simulated net primary productivity (NPP) and
carbon storage in forest biomass and soil were compared with field data and results from other studies for Canada's boreal
forests. The results show that simulated NPP ranged from 3.26 to 3.34 tC ha−1 yr−1 in the 1990s and was consistent with the range measured during the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Studies (BOREAS) in central
Canada. Modeled NPP was also compared with the estimation from remote sensing data. The density of total above-and belowground
biomass was 125.3, 111.8, and 106.5 tC ha−1 for black spruce, trembling aspen, and jack pine in the LAMF ecosystem, respectively. The total carbon density of forested
land was estimated at 154.4 tC ha−1 with the proportion of 4:6 for total biomass and soil. The analysis of net carbon balance of ecosystem suggested that the
LAMF forest ecosystem was acting as a carbon sink with an allowable harvest in the 1990s. 相似文献