关于重大隐患监控GIS模式的研究

系统地分析了重大危险源、事故隐患的地域监管体系以及隐患监控的新技术应用基础 ;提出了职业安全卫生监管体系中的危险源和隐患监控 ,应该分为过程安全监控和安全目标监控两个层次。隐患监管功能的有效实现 :隐患监控的技术载体则越来越依托信息网络的发展 ;重大隐患监管体系特别适合采用地理信息系统     

Application of a GIS-based stream buffer generation model to environmental policy evaluation

In this article a GIS method is presented for riparian environmental buffer generation. It integrates a scientifically tested buffer width delineation model into a GIS framework. Using the generally available data sets, it determines buffer widths in terms of local physical conditions and expected effectiveness. Technical burdens of data management, computation, and result presentation are handled by the GIS. The case study in which the method was used to evaluate the stream buffer regulations in a North Carolina county demonstrates its capability as a decision support tool to facilitate environmental policy formulation and evaluation, and environmental dispute resolution.     

我国矿井环境模拟和控制技术的研究进展

计算机技术的迅速发展,极大地推动了矿井动态通风系统定量分析的研究。本文介绍了我国近年来在矿井火灾时期井下状态模拟和最优控制方面应用新技术获得的进展,并对各种定性及定量分析方法进行比较和评价。文中对建立矿井火灾时期救灾决策系统的研究方向提出了建议,以便能尽快的为矿井灾变时期的救灾指挥决策的实际应用服务。     

论事故与系统危险性的关系

对安全评价中的一些基本概念和参数作了明确的论述,如危险、事故、系统危险性、事故链、固有危险和危险特性、发生事故的难易度与事故概率以及系统可靠度。对澄清当前尚有争论的概念有所帮助,有利于安全评价的顺利进行,也有利于安全科学学科建设。最后对系统危险性的发展趋势作了几点预测。     

将劳动安全卫生教育推向社会

从阐述我国劳动安全卫生教育面临的一个重要方面的问题入手,提出劳动安全卫生教育必须由企业推向社会。还探讨了劳动安全卫生教育推向社会的意义、作用以及具体方法。     

智能型地理信息系统（AIGIS）在城市抗震防灾规划中的应用

本文简要介绍地理信息系统GIS的发展概况、主要功能以及在国内外的应用现状.对现有的GIS软件技术加以改进,引进人工神经元网络和模糊综合评判技术,发展了一种智能型的GIS,在我国若干城市的抗震设防区划工作中应用,取得良好的效果。     

ECOLOGICAL MODELS AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES1

The recent world-wide trend towards centralization of all environmental management functions into one regulatory agency has illustrated the necessity for resources management agencies to adopt a total systems viewpoint. Environmental systems are typically complex and multi-dimensional in nature. Mathematical models for the management of air, water and land resources have found wide acceptance among planners and decision-makers. Ecological models of life processes have not reached the same state of development or acceptance. A general review of ecological systems theory and examples of the types of ecological models that have been developed to date arc presented in this paper. With this material as a background and given the vast literature on engineering and economic models, a conceptual framework for an approach to environmental studies and the analysis of polluted environmental systems is presented.     

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF ANNUAL FLOODS ON SMALL PENNSYLVANIA WATERSHEDS1

A study is presented of the months in which the instantaneous annual maximum discharges from 66 watersheds occurred. The 2,052 flood values were measured on areas ranging from 2.4 through 214 square miles. The longest record was 60 years; the three shortest were 20. Pictorial results show both the number of floods for each month and individual discharges relative to the mean flood. A parameter which is weighted in this manner accounts for both the incidence and the magnitude of floods. Peculiarities of flood-timing charts, based on this parameter, are discussed with respect to watershed size, soils, geology, and land use. After anomolous watersheds had been assigned to special categories, flood-timing charts from most records exhibit a regional dichotomy dividing eastern from western Pennsylvania.     

LINEAR PROGRAMMING APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES1

Applications of linear programming to water quality and water quantity problems are discussed, and a fairly comprehensive sample of recent literature in these areas is reviewed. Basic elements of linear programming are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the elements of linear programming that make it a useful tool for analyzing water resource problems and the basic features of various water resource problems that render them amenable to meaningful analysis by linear programming.