一些典型管道煤气爆炸的数值模拟研究

为了研究煤气,瓦斯之类易爆品的爆炸机理以及怎样进行类似的灾害预防,本采用气体爆炸理论,对煤气爆炸问题进行了数值模拟,在整个模拟过程中不考虑外力,外源和热交换的影响,得到了可压缩流体的偏微分守恒方程;基于多流体网格法（MMIC）,给出了该问题的计算格式;最后对得到的结果进行了分析。并且运用可视从软件进行处理后获得了煤气二维爆炸场的动画模拟结果,从动画中可以比较直观且清晰地看到煤气的爆炸过程。     

碳纤维毡表面改性对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

研究以碳纤维毡为阳极,采用不同的表面改性方式对微生物燃料电池（MFC）产电效率的影响,并通过塔菲尔曲线（Tafel）和慢速扫描循环伏安法（SSCV）研究了碳纤维毡表面经不同改性处理后作为阳极的电化学行为。结果表明．碳纤维毡经丙酮浸泡（CZ—C）和热处理（CZ-H）后,最大输出功率从763mW／m2上升到896mW／m2,提高了17％;电化学测试证实碳纤维毡热处理后阳极交换电流密度提高,且氧化峰电位正移、峰电流增大。     

利用多孔陶珠固定化微生物细胞处理印染废水的研究

用自制多孔陶珠载体固定脱色混合菌,在不同pH、温度、增补营养浓度、固定化细胞与废水比率等条件对印染废水的脱色进行了试验.在最适条件下进行填充柱式反应器作扩大处理印染废水,脱色效果良好.     

曝气生物滤池工艺处理医疗废水工程实例

采用曝气生物滤池与二氧化氯结合的工艺处理医疗废水，具有效果好，流程短，操作简便等优点，具有一定的推广价值。     

Hydrogen infrastructure build-up for automotive applications

Some lessons for the introduction of hydrogen fueled vehicles can be learned from experience gained by the introduction of natural gas fueled vehicles, either in Europe or in Argentina. While the European efforts have failed, at least until today, Argentina has achieved a remarkable market share of about 20% natural gas vehicles since the early 80ies. Beyond a short review on the constituents of a hydrogen refueling infrastructure, the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)-example is analyzed to formulate some ‘must be’s’ for the successful introduction of hydrogen refueling infrastructure: Clear concerted signals have to be sent by all important players, the politicians as well as the involved industry from car producers to fuel suppliers. Bi-fueled hybrid vehicles are not seen as a proper tool, as they are forcing neither the user to look for hydrogen nor the supplier to provide hydrogen. After general considerations, various strategies and policies of different countries and manufacturers are reviewed. For instance, the electric hybrid cars as already today introduced by some Japanese manufacturers offer the chance of settling a maintenance infrastructure for electric drive systems already today which can be easily extended to cover full fuel cell drive systems, once they are available.     

超声协同紫外灭活大肠杆菌实验研究

应用紫外、超声、超声协同紫外对大肠杆菌进行灭活,并从生物学角度对协同机理进行探讨。结果表明:实验条件下,紫外辐照剂量与大肠杆菌灭活率之间具有良好的线性关系,各紫外辐照剂量下的E.coli均发生了光复活现象。超声功率密度对于灭活结果具有显著意义(p0.05),研究中超声灭活大肠杆菌的最大相对功效值对应的工况为7.18W/cm2作用80s。超声的协同作用使紫外线消毒动力学方程K值由0.1增至0.1358,减小了细菌对UV的抗性;与单独紫外作用比较,超声与紫外协同作用的光复活率有所降低。超声与紫外同时作用对细胞形态结构产生严重的破坏,超声作用只能改变细胞的结构,而不能破坏其DNA;利用T4-EndoⅤ对CPDs的特异性识别特性,可发现经各工况处理后,大肠杆菌DNA均被降解,产生大量CPDS,且各工况下ESS含量变化曲线与各工况下大肠杆菌灭活率曲线的相关系数达到0.92。     

氧化石墨烯对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯藻毒性的影响

以海洋微藻青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolanidica var.tingtaoensis)为受试对象,研究了氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide,GO)与邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate,DBP)单独及共同对青岛大扁藻的急性毒性效应,考察了藻细胞的生长状况,光合色素产量,细胞通透性,氧化应激指标及扫描电镜,以探讨GO的加入对DBP藻毒性的影响.结果表明,低浓度GO(0.1~10 mg·L~(-1))对青岛大扁藻的藻密度和叶绿素产量无明显影响,但藻细胞通透性随GO浓度升高显著增加(P0.05),10mg·L~(-1)时达到空白组的2.2倍.DBP对青岛大扁藻的EC50,96 h为(11.14±0.80)mg·L~(-1),其毒性远大于GO(EC50,96 h大于100mg·L~(-1)).1 mg·L~(-1)GO的加入使DBP的EC50,96 h降低到(4.93±2.14)mg·L~(-1),低浓度GO对DBP藻毒性表现出一定的增强作用.1 mg·L~(-1)的GO加入时,对低浓度DBP组(0.1~2 mg·L~(-1))的藻密度、叶绿素产量、细胞通透性水平没有显著性影响,但加剧了高浓度DBP组(4 mg·L~(-1))对藻密度、叶绿素产量的抑制,使单个藻细胞内ROS和SOD平均增加了21%和7%.扫描电镜结果发现GO对藻细胞具有覆盖,包裹及聚集作用,这些可能是DBP藻毒性增强的主要原因.该结果为揭示新型污染物碳纳米材料对海洋生物的风险提供了数据支持.     

Bioelectricity generation from three ornamental plants: Chlorophytum comosum,Chasmanthe floribunda and Papyrus diffusus

In the present study, bioelectricity generation using a living plant in soil was achieved by converting solar energy into electricity on the principles of plant photosynthesis. The plants Chlorophytum comosum, Chasmanthe floribunda and Papyrus diffuses were used in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and produced, respectively, a maximum current of 25, 31 and 19 mA/m², without the use of any nutrient or membrane. In this study, the importance of light was demonstrated by the high current values generated during daytime, and the microorganisms at the anode-rhizosphere interface were examined.     

Fuel cell system with sodium borohydride hydrogen generator for small unmanned aerial vehicles

A 100 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system with a sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) hydrogen generator was investigated for small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The performance of a cobalt–phosphorous/nickel foam catalyst was evaluated to determine the change in catalytic activity under real operating conditions. The response time increased owing to oxidation of the metals and accumulation of sodium; however, the catalyst remained active at high reaction temperatures. A NaBH₄ hydrogen generator with the catalyst was developed for a 100 W PEMFC system. The hydrogen generation rate was stable for 3 h, and the conversion efficiency was 97.8%. Finally, a 100 W PEMFC system with the NaBH₄ hydrogen generator was investigated for small UAVs. The maximum power and energy density of the PEMFC system were 95.96 W and 185.2 Wh/kg, respectively.