模糊支持向量机在滑坡危险性评价中的应用

为了将模糊支持向量机应用于滑坡灾害危险性评价工作,并进行验证,进行了研究区滑坡现状的调查,评价指标的选取,隶属函数的确定和基于FSVM的滑坡灾害危险性评价.选取了高程指标、坡度指标、岩土体指标、地表湿度指标及植被覆盖指标等5个指标作为滑坡灾害危险性评价指标,最后以莆田市为例,结合Rs和GIS技术,进行了滑坡危险性评价的研究.评价结果与实地验证和莆田市国土局提供的地质灾害现状图基本吻合.     

四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性

为了明确四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚两种溴系阻燃剂对水生生物的生态危害,测定对比了四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚对大型溞的急性毒性(48h-LC50,48 h半数致死浓度)和慢性毒性(包括21 d繁殖量、内禀增长率、净生殖率毒性影响的EC5(5%效应浓度)或NOEC(最高无效应浓度)等),在此基础上采用评估因子法外推四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚的预测无效应浓度(PNEC).毒性测试结果表明,四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚对大型溞21 d敏感繁殖毒性终点EC5(内禀增长率、净生殖率)均比48 h急性毒性LC50低2个数量级,且低于其对繁殖量毒性影响的NOEC.危害评估结果显示,三溴苯酚和四溴双酚A基于慢性毒性的PNEC低于基于急性毒性的PNEC.以繁殖量、内禀增长率和净生殖率毒性危害的EC5值作为大型溞繁殖毒性指标可能比NOEC更能敏感地表征化学品对溞类的危害,四溴双酚A和三溴苯酚对大型溞的慢性繁殖毒性作用相比急性毒性作用更应引起关注,采用以慢性毒性数据为基础的危害评估结果可以较好地保护物种的安全.     

动态调控污染源排放总量是减小灰霾天气危害的有效途径

主要从污染天气-"灰霾"天气导致城市病频发、城市居住环境恶化、城市公共危害加剧这一严重现象入手,阐述了灰霾的定义、形成机制,尤其是对灰霾造成的危害比如影响身体健康、心理健康、交通安全及区域气候等方面进行了深入的剖析,为此,有针对性地提出了减小灰霾天气危害的四条对策,如动态调控污染源排放总量是减小灰霾天气危害的最有效途径,也是在减小灰霾天气危害的工作中所采取总的基本原则;加强环保部门与气象部门的协作,明确各自职责分工等.     

地下水源地污染源危害性评价方法研究

基于GIS技术平台、层次分析方法,构建了涵盖污染源特性与污染物属性两大方面的8项指标的污染源危害性评价的参数体系,建立了污染源特性指标评价与污染物属性指标评价的耦合模型,解决了地下水源地污染源的量化评价问题.应用所建方法评价了某地下水源地污染源对地下水的危害性.结果表明, 研究区的排污沟、石化公司周边的渗坑群及南部和东部某河滩的渗坑对地下水的潜在危害程度最高,石化公司的潜在危害性中等,其余区域危害性较低.这为污染源的有效监管提供技术支撑.     

1种基于云服务平台的滑坡管道状态远程实时监测系统

为解决管道状态的远程实时监测问题,基于现场地质灾害调查结果,根据某受到不稳定边坡影响的管道所处滑坡区域的特点,设计1种基于云服务平台的管道状态远程实时监测系统。系统由前端数据测量模块、中端数据采集和传输模块以及终端监测平台模块组成。采用振弦式应变计进行管道应变测量;应用数据采集仪、移动数据发射器及电源进行数据采集及传输;利用自主开发的基于云服务平台专用软件进行管道状态的数据分析及远程实时监测。结果表明:系统具有稳定地实时数据获取、高效地数据远程传输和操作便捷、功能丰富的终端监测能力,可较好地评估管道的运行状况,提高滑坡灾害预警能力,保证管道的安全运行。     

浅议人的意识与事故发生规律的关系

从人的意识和个人因素事故致因模型出发,探讨了潜在危险存在的情况下,人的意识活动过程和个人因素与事故发生之间的联系;分析了不同的意识状态下,个人因素对于潜在危险的感知认识的作用和影响以及由此而决定的工作行为的安全程度,以及相应的预防对策.     

Investigation of an accidental explosion due to unintended mixing involving reactive chemicals at a waste storage tank

An accidental explosion occurred in a waste storage tank at an incineration plant in Kawasaki, Japan, on May 11, 1997. The accident was caused primarily by unintended mixing involving reactive chemicals, such as organic peroxides (POs) and acrylonitrile (AN). The PO initiated polymerization of AN and the heat released during the polymerization led to a runaway reaction and explosion. POs are widely used in the chemical industry and can be self-reactive and hazardous when mixed with other chemicals such as acids and alkalis. The goal of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the mixing hazard of chemicals through an evaluation of POs with other chemicals using conventional experimental techniques such as glass test-tube tests, Dewar vessel tests, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Seven types of POs were mixed with AN. Test results were classified into four ranks based on the hazard criteria. In addition, di(2-ethylhexyl)-peroxydicarbonate/AN mixtures were investigated in detail and the influences of the mixing ratio and the stirring rate were examined.     

基于RFID及WSN技术的矿山实时三维定位及灾害预警平台

通过对比分析国内外矿山灾害死亡事故数据,突显我国矿山安全生产形势十分严峻,提出了构建矿山实时三维定位及灾害预警平台的重要性。平台基于无线射频识别技术和无线传感网络技术,实现井下工作人员、井下移动设备的三维定位,实现井下巷道工作环境的各种参数（如温度、湿度、井巷通风风速、有害气体含量等）的实时监测,分析实时监测数据,预警井下数据异常区域,防止灾害发生,分析灾害发生位置、原因及发生时井下人员、移动设备等信息,为灾后救援工作提供有价值的决策参考。     

高硫油炼制企业H_2S中毒风险分析

随着企业炼油规模不断扩大及原油中含硫量不断提高,炼油企业中H2S中毒事故风险迅速增大。在对高硫油炼制企业H2S的分布及危险源状况分析的基础上,指出炼油企业存在两类H2S危险源,即含有H2S的气体和含有H2S的酸性水,炼油装置产出含H2S的气体中H2S含量一般在1%～92%,酸性水中H2S含量一般在0.01%～4.0%;介绍了不同H2S浓度等级的空气可对人产生的毒性危害后果,H2S在空气中数分钟内致人死亡的浓度为1500mg/m3;对炼油企业重大酸性气泄漏事故、酸性水泄漏事故进行定量毒性危害计算和分析,给出H2S毒性危害低危区、高危区及迅速致死区达到的下风距离及覆盖的区域面积,重大酸性气、酸性水泄漏事故迅速致死浓度可达到下风距离分别为300m和89m;指出H2S中毒已成为高硫油炼制企业的重大风险,应该加强安全措施,重点防控。     

People's risk perception of glacial lake outburst flooding: a case of Tsho Rolpa Lake,Nepal

Previous research indicates that people's perception of risk from a particular hazard positively influences their adoption of effective mitigation strategies and responses. This research investigates the risk perceptions of people living downstream from Tsho Rolpa Glacial Lake of Nepal. Field surveys revealed that people living beneath the Tsho Rolpa glacial lake possess a low risk perception despite the probability of a glacial lake outburst at their location. Further investigation reveals that many individuals have made no adjustments in response to the potential disaster. The low risk perception on the part of the riverine population is chiefly attributed to the cry-wolf effect of the 1997 evacuation that followed an inaccurate prediction of a Tsho Rolpa outburst. Previous remediation structures were kept in place, but appear to have created a false sense of security among those at risk. This overconfidence in the rudimentary efforts employed thus far is illustrated by the fact that many residents have moved their infrastructure even closer to the river channel in recent years. Partial mitigation efforts have muted people's perceptions of the environmental risk and have therefore increased the vulnerability of the communities to a probable outburst flood.