河流水环境质量综合评价方法比较研究

提出了对河流水环境质量综合评价方法的基本要求,对水环境质量评价方法的现状进行了研究,并通过对各种方法的 比较,探讨了今后水环境质量综合评价方法的发展方向。     

分光光度法测定水中水合肼方法检出限的优化

用对二甲氨基苯甲醛分光光度法测定水中水合肼,将显色剂用量由5.0 m L降至3.0 m L,比色皿厚度由30 mm增至50 mm,水样酸度由1 mol/L降至0.5 mol/L,同时增加低浓度校准曲线,实现对其方法检出限的优化。结果表明,优化后方法检出限由0.007 8 mg/L降至0.001 0 mg/L,精密度及加标回收率均符合规范要求,能够保证低浓度水样的准确测定。     

基于SSM方法的黑龙江省入境旅游产业结构分析

以相关入境旅游统计数据为基础,运用转移—份额分析法,对2002—2007年黑龙江省入境旅游产业结构进行了分析。结果表明,黑龙江省入境旅游产业发展速度高于全国水平,产业结构较好,但总体竞争力不强。在此基础上,针对产业中的优势部门、增长部门和劣势部门提出了相应的对策和建议。     

Equity and productivity assessments in the Olifants River basin, South Africa

Emerging approaches to water resources development and management typically highlight equity and productivity as two main objectives. In the context of integrated water resources management within a river basin, managers and stakeholders often need a comparative assessment of different options for water augmentation and/or allocation. Pitting such options against predefined objectives, such as equity and productivity, requires an assessment of the effects that available options will have on these objectives. Available documentation indicates that not only does the interpretation of such objectives vary widely, but also the available methods for assessing equity and productivity run into significant limitations in the availability of adequate data. This limitation has largely kept decision makers from gaining a comprehensive overview of equity and productivity scenarios, whether within or across sectors, that could facilitate better‐informed decisions. To address this methodological gap, this article scrutinizes different notions associated with equity and water productivity, and limitations in prevalent assessment methods with the view to develop and demonstrate pragmatic methodologies for assessing equity and productivity in data‐scarce contexts. The discussion and findings are based on a review of relevant literature and empirical and consultative research work in the Olifants River basin in South Africa. The demonstrated methodologies for assessing equity and productivity, besides being useful in data‐scarce contexts, are insightful for initiating several policy measures and also for exploring the relationship between equity and water productivity.     

A contaminated site investigation: comparison of information gained from geophysical measurements and hydrogeological modeling

The investigation of contaminated sites is usually a long and expensive process. It is therefore desirable to use a combination of methodologies in an integrative approach that can reduce redundant information gathering. The objective of this study was to examine the usefulness of 2 non-intrusive exploration techniques in a contaminated site investigation. Borehole positioning based on geophysical measurements was compared to positioning based on the Bayesian expert system for flow-field modeling. The goal set at the field site was the assessment of the type and load of contaminants transported from the landfill site to the adjacent aquifer and the extent of leachate plumes within the groundwater. The two methods made different demands on information gathering and were found to be complementary. The geophysical approach focused attention on the waste compartments at the site and on mixing plumes in the adjacent aquifer but could not, without prior information, provided information on the flow field. The Bayesian approach to flow-field modeling determined areas of greatest model uncertainty at the model boundaries. The model highlighted areas of greatest uncertainty that might otherwise have been overlooked and provided information on the most likely mean direction of the leachate plumes. It was concluded that both methods contribute to a site investigation and should be used before additional drilling is carried out.     

轻型客车的制动性能检测与分析

利用 2 2 0辆某轻型客车制动性能台试检测所得大量样本数据 ,对其 6项制动性能指标进行了统计分析 ,并得出了各项制动性能指标的实测合格率。轻型客车的制动性能检测与分析 ,对发现存在的问题 ,指导设计制造和使用维修单位改进工作 ,确保道路交通安全及车辆的行驶安全性具有重要作用。     

企业安全效益的量化

安全就是效益 ,而安全效益的量化问题一直是企业非常关心的问题。笔者通过安全效益的论述、量化分析 ,提出了企业安全效益由安全管理所创造的直接经济效益、间接经济效益、安全投入转化的经济效益、潜在经济效益四部分组成的新观点 ;推导出安全效益的量化公式 ,从而揭示了安全与效益的辩证统一关系 ;得出了安全效益从定性走向定量是必然的规律和安全效益完全可以进行量化计算的重要结论。     

地表水质灰关联评价中水环境质量系数的研究

分析和阐明地表水环境质量灰关联评价中关联度向量r中各分量的信息荷载,在满足定量、连续、分级的条件下构造了水环境质量系数C,C由首数水质级别数K和尾数水质差异E组成。水环境质量系数既能表示水质级别,又能准确区别同级水质差异。在应用特例中介绍了模糊级别的区分和级别跳跃现象。最后介绍了应用中注意的问题。     

流域生态补偿意愿的WTP与WTA差异性研究: 基于辽河中游地区居民的CVM调查

如何揭示利益相关者生态补偿的真实意愿不但是生态系统服务支付研究的难点问题,也是政府及管理部门制定生态补偿政策的关键问题。为此,论文通过对辽河流域中游地区的7个主要城市进行实地调研,采用条件价值评估法,利用同一受访者同时测量其支付意愿值(WTP)和受偿意愿值(WTA)的技术手段来检验其真实补偿意愿,研究结果显示,受访地区居民保护流域生态环境和水资源的WTP为59.39元／(人·a),WTA为248.56／(人·a);同时,针对同一受访者给出的WTP与WTA之间的较大差异性利用回归分析方法,得出其呈现不对称性的主要原因是受访者的收入水平和年龄。最后,在对研究结果进行差异性分析的基础上,提出了辽河流域生态补偿意愿差异性的研究结论和政策建议。     

国标法测定无色透明清洁水中硫化物错误的原因

硫化物在进行显色反应时,溶液中酸度的增高生成亚甲兰的产率也随之增加。国标法规定分析无色透明清洁水样时,不加20ml乙酸锌-乙酸钠溶液,这样分析的结果不正确。正确的方法应与绘制标准曲线的操作步骤完全一样,需加20ml乙酸锌-乙酸钠溶液。