我国东部七省生态系统对酸沉降的相对敏感性

讨论了影响亚热带生态系统对酸沉降敏感性的生态因子，提出了敏感性等级划分的指标体系，根据大量资料编制了我国东部７省１市生态系统对酸沉降相对敏感性分区图。结果表明，在研究区域内生态系统的敏感性有相当大的差别，极敏感区和敏感区面积占全区总面积的１／３以上，主要分布在福建、浙江、江西３省。     

Application of aerial remote sensing in the study on vegetation in Guangzhou,China

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安全疏散中ICT技术应用研究脉络与热点分析

为了研究ICT技术在安全疏散领域的应用现状、演进和热点,以Web of Science核心数据库中有关ICT技术对安全疏散应用研究的科技文献为研究对象,运用CiteSpace软件对文献研究主题和时空分布、研究演进和科研网络以及研究热点和前沿态势进行分析。研究结果表明:ICT技术对安全疏散应用研究可以划分为低潮期、发展期和爆发期3个阶段,形成了3大科研网络版块;随着ICT技术的发展,刊发相关研究的期刊从综合类向专业类拓展,并从火灾科学、交通科学和心理科学等多学科进行了交叉研究;在不同的发展时期,研究侧重点不尽相同,当前以无线传感网络、建筑疏散和导航系统等领域为研究热点,基于研究成果,提出相关研究热点和前沿等建议。     

High-resolution inventory of NO emissions from agricultural soils over the Ile-de-France region

Arable soils are a significant source of nitric oxide (NO), a precursor of tropospheric ozone, and thereby contribute to ozone pollution. However, their actual impact on ozone formation is strongly related to their spatial and temporal emission patterns, which warrant high-resolution estimates.Here, we combined an agro-ecosystem model and geo-referenced databases to map these sources over the 12 000 km² administrative region surrounding Paris, France, with a kilometric level resolution. The six most frequent arable crop species were simulated, with emission rates ranging from 1.4 kg N-NO ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ to 11.1 kg N-NO ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The overall emission factor for fertilizer-derived NO emissions was 1.7%, while background emissions contributed half of the total NO efflux. Emissions were strongly seasonal, being highest in spring due to fertilizer inputs. They were mostly sensitive to soil type, crops' growing season and fertilizer N rates.     

Sorption of organic compounds to activated carbons. Evaluation of isotherm models

Sorption to ‘hard carbon’ (black carbon, coal, kerogen) in soils and sediments is of major importance for risk assessment of organic pollutants. We argue that activated carbon (AC) may be considered a model sorbent for hard carbon. Here, we evaluate six sorption models on a literature dataset for sorption of 12 compounds onto 12 ACs and one charcoal, at different temperatures (79 isotherms in total). A statistical analysis, accounting for differences in the number of fitting parameters, demonstrates that the dual Langmuir equation is in general superior and/or preferable to the single and triple Langmuir equation, the Freundlich equation, a Polanyi–Dubinin–Manes equation, and the Toth equation. Consequently, the analysis suggests the presence of two types of adsorption sites: a high-energy (HE) type of site and a low-energy (LE) type of site. Maximum adsorption capacities for the HE domain decreased with temperature while those for the LE domain increased. Average Gibbs free energies for adsorption from the hypothetical pure liquid state at 298 K were fairly constant at −15 ± 4 and −5 ± 4 kJ mol⁻¹ for the HE and LE domain, respectively.     

基于CiteSpace中国生态补偿研究的知识图谱分析

生态补偿已成为生态环境管理领域的热点问题。本文基于CiteSpace可视化文献分析工具,以CSSCI数据库中1998—2018年的期刊论文作为数据源,以"生态补偿"为关键词进行文献检索,通过共被引、关键词共现分析以及聚类分析等,探讨生态补偿研究领域的知识基础以及研究热点与前沿。结果表明:①生态补偿研究的发文数量经历了缓慢上升、快速增长、平稳增加三个阶段;②生态补偿研究作者集中度较高,发行期刊涵盖经济学、地理学、生态学、制度经济学等多个学科,反映出生态补偿是一个多学科交叉的研究主题,生态补偿研究的综合性不断增强;③依据关键词知识图谱,"国家重点生态功能区""生态环境""可持续发展"等成为最新研究热点;④新时期生态文明建设下,"草原生态补偿""支付意愿""转移支付""退耕还林"等成为生态补偿研究的最新前沿话题。     

Marine Eutrophication: A Proposed Data Analysis Procedure For Assessing Spatial Trends

A methodology for the discrimination of the different trophic levels at a spatial scale in the marine environment is proposedusing spatial analysis methods and non-parametric statistics. Phytoplankton cell number, being a representative parameter to express trophic trends in the marine ecosystem is selected forthe methodology development; Saronicos Gulf, Greece is used for the case study. The proposed stepwise methodology includes interpolation for assessing the spatial distribution of phytoplankton cell number, division of the Gulf into a number of quadrates, development of a scale characterising trophic levels and finally characterisation of the trophic state ofeach quadrate using non-parametric statistics. The advantages of this methodology and the potential applications in coastal management studies are also discussed.     

时序逻辑电路分析方法的改进

本文采用次态卡诺图法对时序逻辑电路的功能进行分析,力图改进传统异步时序电路的分析方法,在保证分析结果正确无误的前提下,简化了常规分析方法中繁琐的步骤,更具有实用性。以一个8421BCD码表示的十进制异步减法计数器为例,给出各触发器状态方程的表达式,并用状态表、状态图分析其逻辑功能。     

辽宁省地质灾害遥感调查电子地图的制作

通过辽宁省地质构造解译图和辽宁省地质灾害遥感解译图这两个电子地图的制作，说明了电子地图制作的工具选择、制作方法、关键技术以及地图应用等。体现了地理信息系统这一现代化科技手段在防灾、减灾和地质环境的整治与保护方面的价值。     

Assessing agricultural vulnerability to climate change in the Nordic countries – an interactive geovisualization approach

Nordic agriculture must adapt to climate change to reduce vulnerability and exploit potential opportunities. Integrated assessments can identify and quantify vulnerability in order to recognize these adaptation needs. This study presents a geographic visualization approach to support the interactive assessment of agricultural vulnerability to climate change. We have identified requirements for increased transparency and reflexivity in vulnerability assessments, arguing that these can be met by geographic visualization. A conceptual framework to support the integration of geographic visualization for vulnerability assessments has been designed and applied for the development of AgroExplore, an interactive tool for assessing agricultural vulnerability to climate change in Sweden. To open up the black box of composite vulnerability indices, AgroExplore enables the user to select, weight, and classify relevant indicators into sub-indices of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. This enables the exploration of underlying indicators and factors determining vulnerability in Nordic agriculture.