浅谈学会在创建资源科学中的地位与作用——纪念中国自然资源学会成立30周年

资源科学的创建与发展,中国自然资源学会起到了十分重要的作用。论文以中国自然资源学会组织或参与组织的我国创建与发展资源科学的四项最重要的基础性工作为主线,即中国资源科学的实践总结——《中国自然资源丛书》、中国资源科学大型理论工具书——《中国资源科学百科全书》、中国资源科学启蒙作——《资源科学》专著、资源科学概念的语言符号——《资源科学技术名词》,从每项工作的撰写背景、组织机构、主要内容、社会评价等方面入手,揭示了资源科学的创建与发展历程,总结了学会发展与学科建设的关系。     

30CrMnSiA钢薄壁筒错距旋压成形工艺研究

通过对30CrMnSiA钢筒体错距旋压试验,系统研究了毛坯厚度、减薄率、旋轮压下量分配、旋压道次及道次间热处理等工艺参数对旋压过程和产品质量的影响。结果表明:较厚的30CrMnSiA钢毛坯,不用道次间热处理,通过两道次或三道次错距旋压,就可获得高质量的薄壁筒。     

30CrMnSiNi2A超强钢激光熔覆修复试验研究

目的研究激光熔覆技术,解决30CrMnSiNi2A钢制部件表面腐蚀、划伤、裂纹等缺陷的修复问题。方法利用光纤激光器在30CrMnSiNi2A钢表面进行同基体相近成分的合金粉末熔覆试验,优化激光熔覆工艺参数,开展熔覆层的微观组织、硬度、力学性能等方面试验研究,并对拉伸试样的断口进行分析。结果熔覆层与基体呈现牢固的冶金结合,基体热影响区域小,熔覆区的抗拉强度大于基体强度的80%,熔覆区材质的脆性较基材有所增加。结论激光熔覆可用于修复30CrMnSiNi2A钢制零件表面的腐蚀、划伤、裂纹等局部缺陷。     

Reforming small-scale mining in sub-Saharan Africa: Political and ideological challenges to a Fair Trade gold initiative

In sub-Saharan Africa, artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) has caused a range of environmental, social and economic problems. Most of the donor support pledged to improve conditions in the sector to date, however, has failed to facilitate marked improvements, in large part because emphasis has been placed on technical interventions; at the same time, impoverished miners’ needs and concerns have been seriously overlooked. It is against this background that this paper critically examines the underpinnings and potential of “Fair Trade gold” as a solution to many of the problems plaguing the ASM sector and a mechanism for alleviating the hardships of its operators. Unlike the majority of ASM-support support measures implemented in the past, “Fair Trade gold” is entrenched in the discourse of “partnership” and “participation”. To ensure its effectiveness initiatives must be adapted according to the specificities of ASM.     

30CrMnSiA高强钢在工业和海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究

目的为30CrMnSiA高强钢的大气腐蚀防护设计、应用范围扩展和开发新钢种提供有益的借鉴和参考。方法采用腐蚀质量损失、XRD和SEM研究了30CrMnSiA高强钢在工业和海洋大气环境暴露60个月的大气腐蚀行为。结果 30CrMnSiA高强钢在工业和海洋大气环境中腐蚀质量损失随暴露时间变化的双对数函数分别是lgΔw=2.245+0.387lg t和lgΔw=2.822+0.637lg t。纤铁矿和针铁矿是两种大气环境中形成的腐蚀锈层的主要成分,除了纤铁矿和针铁矿外,在海洋大气环境形成的锈层中还发现了四方纤铁矿。随着暴露时间的延长,在海洋大气环境中形成的锈层呈现逐渐剥落的趋势。结论 30CrMnSiA高强钢在海洋大气环境中表现出较高的腐蚀敏感性,在工业大气环境中表现出较低的腐蚀敏感性。     

pH值变化对B30铜镍合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响

采用电化学阻抗谱、动电位极化曲线等电化学测试方法,研究了NaCl（质量分数为3．5％）溶液中pH值变化对B30铜镍合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明：随着溶液pH值升高,B30材料的腐蚀行为由均匀腐蚀变为点蚀;材料阻抗值和瞬时腐蚀速率提高,极化电流密度降低;材料发生点蚀的倾向增大。     

金属薄板抗7.62mm普通弹枪击性能的实验研究

目的 评估覆钢板复杂结构的抗枪击性能,开展薄钢板抗枪击性能研究.方法 采用56式步枪人工发射方式,分别开展4、8 mm厚06Cr19Ni10单层钢板与8、16 mm厚30CrMoA单层钢板以及06Cr19Ni10与30CrMoA(4 mm+8 mm与8 mm+8 mm两种厚度组合)双层钢板抗7.62 mm普通弹的枪击试...     

A review of the PGM industry,deposit models and exploration practices: Implications for Australia's PGM potential

Australia is prospective for platinum group metal (PGM) mineralisation (in particular primary magmatic reef, primary magmatic by-product, late magmatic and hydrothermal, and alluvial placer type) but its known PGM endowment is negligible compared to that of South Africa, Russia, the USA and Canada. Most Australian PGM projects are operated by mid-cap or junior companies and form part of larger, more diverse project portfolios held by these explorers. Most projects were ‘hot’ while market conditions were favourable. However, as other metals became ‘fashionable’ and market conditions for PGM changed, so did the focus of these companies. Pure PGM companies are rare in Australia. The search for and development of PGM-only deposits in Australia are high risk business activities. No new primary PGM deposits have been discovered since the mid to late 1980s and none of the significant deposits that were discovered or evaluated in the 1980s have been mined. This review suggests that at least several A$10 million but more likely several A$100 million were sunk into PGM exploration and development projects but none advanced to the mining stage. The viability of Australian PGM projects is very sensitive to (1) metal prices, (2) the US$/A$ exchange rate, and (3) large capital expenditure requirements relative to the small size of Australian PGM-only deposits. Most PGM-only projects were initiated at times of high PGM prices. However, advanced exploration, feasibility studies and project development always lagged behind the price booms. South Africa, Russia and Canada contain approximately 98% of the known global PGM reserves. This situation has a very negative effect on the Australian PGM industry as the well-endowed nations continue to receive the lion's share of exploration spend and new projects.     

Statistical considerations of progressive value and risk in mineral exploration

Financial markets recognise maximisation of expected value (E), in an essentially risk-neutral context, as the main corporate financial objective of private enterprise. This may be valid for large, integrated mining companies. Yet, most junior and middle-size exploration companies behave in a risk-averse fashion when making decisions about progressively more expensive exploration programs. From their perspective, a potential increase in expected value from either an increase in target value or related probability of discovery, or both, may not be a sufficient incentive to embark in an exploration programme if the resultant increase in expected value is accompanied by a significant increase in possible maximum loss. Risk-averse explorers may be unwilling to bear larger, albeit less probable losses, when the cost of successive exploration programmes is taken into account. The paper provides a practical methodology for such explorers to optimise the decision whether to progress to the next stage of exploration or to farm out a risky project. It uses a decision-tree model incorporating the effectiveness of the proposed exploration programme, the explorer's risk tolerance and related utility values and the probability distribution of the possible value of the exploration target.     

复合聚硅铝三十絮凝剂的混凝性能研究

制备了一种新型的复合聚硅铝三十(PSiAl30)类絮凝剂,与常规聚合氯化铝PAC(以Al13为主)和Al30絮凝剂作对比,通过烧杯混凝实验,考察了其对腐殖酸-高岭土悬浊液的混凝效果。结果表明,复合硅的PSiAl30系列既有Al30的电中和能力,又起吸附架桥作用。PSiAl30絮凝剂对水体酸碱度影响小,可适用于低碱度水体。弱碱性范围内,硅/铝比为0.05的PSiAl30有最高的TOC去除率,最低的投药量,并能显著提高对非芳烃类的去除能力。