不同铝形态去除水中腐殖酸的混凝特性

制备了碱化度为2.4、以Al13,为主要成分的聚合铝PAC-All13和碱化度为2.4、以Al30为主要成分的高聚聚合铝PAC-Al30.采用烧杯混凝实验,通过絮体颗粒生长、电中和能力、pH和混凝剂投量对混凝效果的影响,比较了PAC-Al30、PAC-Al13,和AIC3,混凝去除水中腐殖酸的行为,并考察了水中残留铝的含量.实验结果表明,3种混凝剂的絮体形成能力由强到弱为PAC-Al30>PAC-Al13>AlCl3.与AlCl3相比, PAC-Al13和PAC-Al30的适用pH范围更宽,为5.0～8.0.PAC-Al30和PAC-Al13,的电中和能力差别不明显;由于更强的吸附和架桥作用,在低投量下PAC-Al30表现出更好的混凝效果,而且PAC-Al30比AlCl3和PAC-Al13有更宽的有效投量范围,为0.08～0.64mmol/L.对于腐殖酸含量为10m/L的水样,在pH为7.0,投量为0.16mmol/L下, PAC-Al30对腐殖酸去除率达到98.5%,此时出水残留铝浓度为0.066mg/L.结果证实Al30是可用于水中腐殖酸去除的一种新型的混凝/絮凝活性成.     

Application of internal standard method in recombinant luminescent bacteria test

Mercury and its organic compounds have been of severe concern worldwide due to their damage to the ecosystem and human health. The development of effective and affordable technology to monitor and signal the presence of bioavailable mercury is an urgent need. The Mer gene is a mercury-responsive resistant gene, and a mercury-sensing recombinant luminescent bacterium using the Mer gene was constructed in this study. The mer operon from marine Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 was amplified and fused with prompterless luxCDABE in the pUCD615 plasmid within Escherichia coli cells, resulting in pTHE30–E. coli. The recombinant strain showed high sensitivity and specificity. The detection limit of Hg^2 + was 5 nmol/L, and distinct luminescence could be detected in 30 min. Cd^2 +, Cu^2 +, Zn^2 +, Ca^2 +, Pb^2 +, Mg^2 +, Mn^2 +, and Al^3 + did not interfere with the detection over a range of 10^− 5–1 mM. Application of recombinant luminescent bacteria testing in environmental samples has been a controversial issue: especially for metal-sensing recombinant strains, false negatives caused by high cytotoxicity are one of the most important issues when applying recombinant luminescent bacteria in biomonitoring of heavy metals. In this study, by establishing an internal standard approach, the false negative problem was overcome; furthermore, the method can also help to estimate the suspected mercury concentration, which ensures high detection sensitivity of bioavailable Hg^2 +.     

耐酸性异养菌的分离及其在制革污泥重金属生物淋滤中的作用

从制革污泥中分离出一株异养微生物,经鉴定属于红酵母菌属(Rhodotorula sp.)R30, 测定菌株R30的适宜生长pH范围为3～7,但能耐受pH 2.5至1.5的酸性环境,最适生长温度28℃.酵母R30在污泥水溶性有机物(DOM)中培养96h,水溶性有机碳(DOC)从1485mg/L降至345mg/L,菌数达4.8×10⁷mL^-1.将污泥预酸化至pH 6.5,在进行污泥的生物淋滤过程中,添加酵母处理与不添加酵母处理的对照相比,淋滤时间减少了4d,淋滤周期显著缩短,在7d的淋滤时间内,重金属Cr的溶出率提高39%.     

基于吸附原理的双路独立汞采样方法

参照美国EPA 30B方法,基于吸附原理,研制了用于燃煤燃烧源排放烟气中总气态汞的双路独立采样系统,结合热解析分析技术,现场测试结果符合30B方法的质控指标要求。建议加大国产吸附管的研制力度,开发适用于中国工况的汞采样器。     

Multiproduct mine output and the case of mining waste utilization

This article addresses the concepts of economies of scope and multiproduct production, subadditivity and transray convexity as it applies to the mining industry. The article goes on to expand these concepts to include the case of mining waste utilization. It discusses how the modification of mining wastes into a marketable product can develop a relationship across the cost functions of the modified mining waste and ore production and how this interrelationship affects the profit maximizing condition. It discusses four possible outcomes from mining waste modification and its development into marketable products on the profitability and production of ore by the firm. Finally, it discusses mining waste utilization effects on rehabilitation costs and the potential for a decrease in the adverse community effects due to mine closure.