山东沂南金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

本文从流体包裹体出发,讨论了沂南金矿床的成矿物质来源和成矿机制。各成矿阶段的矽卡岩矿物、石英和方解石中流体包裹体岩相学和显微测温研究结果表明,包裹体主要类型有气液水包裹体、含子矿物多相包裹体、CO2-H2O包裹体和晶质熔体包裹体,其中熔体包裹体在较早期的石榴石、绿帘石和石英中发育。Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段的成矿流体具有高温和高盐度的特征,均一温度分别为430~520℃、340~430℃,盐度分别为56.7 wt%NaCl2、2.2~53.5 wt%NaCl,代表铁矿化时的流体特征;Ⅲ成矿阶段流体具有中低温(190~250℃)、盐度范围变化较大(6.45~53.5 wt%NaCl)的特征,代表了Cu,Au矿化时的流体活动情况;Ⅳ成矿阶段包裹体均一温度100~190℃,盐度为2.07~15.76 wt%NaCl。根据不同类型包裹体共生组合及流体演化特征,认为流体的不混溶性是导致大量金属沉淀的主要原因,岩浆热液在成矿流体中占主导地位。     

不同母质砖红壤的磷有效性差异

不同母质的砖红壤,其磷素含量有差异;磷的有效性受土壤营养体系中其它元素的制约;桉树植株的磷营养受土壤有效磷含量和土壤营养体系中多种元素相互作用的影响。     

大沽排污河沉积物重金属和砷污染及生态风险性研究

利用HaKanson生态风险指数法,研究了大沽排污河底泥中污染物重金属和砷对水域的污染程度,及其对水域总体造成的潜在风险影响。同时利用多环境要素评价方法,对大沽排污河水质、污灌区土壤作物及生态效应进行了多元综合评价,2种方法结论相吻合。大沽排污河生态风险处于重度污染水平。重金属和砷污染物对生态风险影响排序为 :Hg>Cd >Cu >As>Pb >Cr>Zn。     

铅锌矿床中镉的表生地球化学研究现状

铅锌矿床是镉主要来源,在其开采过程中,镉等重金属有毒元素会产生次生富集,同时不可避免向环境大量释放,严重影响周围环境。本文介绍了铅锌矿的表生地球化学研究现状,提出应加强镉等重金属元素在表生风化作用下活化-迁移-富集机理及影响因素,定量地描述镉等重金属元素的释放过程等地球化学研究,以揭示镉等有害元素在铅锌矿山表生风化过程中的活化、迁移、次生富集的规律及机理,探讨其通过岩(矿)石-水-土壤-植物影响环境和人类健康过程,这不仅对于铅锌矿山环境有重要意义,而且也将揭示一些矿床中镉高度富集机理,从而在理论上丰富镉的地球化学内容,对研究铅锌矿床中元素循环、矿山修复、环境评价及生态效应等具有重要意义。     

新型混凝剂在转炉煤气洗涤废水中的应用

采用新型混凝剂氯化铝钙,配加一定量PAM,处理转炉煤气洗涤废水.研究了药剂加入量、pH值及搅拌条件对絮凝反应过程的影响,得出了最佳实验参数.结果表明,由于氯化铝钙在混凝过程中可提供一定量的Ca2 ,有利于破坏胶体的稳定性,降低ζ电位,压缩双电层,能提高悬浮颗粒的凝聚能力及改善处理后污泥的脱水效果.     

Human impact recorded in the sediment of Honghu Lake, Hubei, China

Vertical profiles of the total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, phosphorus, susceptibilities, elements and partical size were analyzed in a short ^137Cs-dated sediment core collected from Honghu Lake, China. The average sedimentation rate was 1.55 mm/a. The results indicated that trophic status of Honghu Lake in the historical period had experienced three stages. Before 1840 the lake was characterized with lower productivity, TOC was less than 9.92 g/kg; TN was 0.902 to 1.24 g/kg. During about 1840-1950, population increased quickly, there was an obvious change in TOC with an average of 13.0 g/kg. Since 1950, human impacts have accelerated the lake eutrophication and nutrients enriched in the sediment with TOC of 21.7 to 93.1 g/kg, TN of 1.77 to 8.78 g/kg. The heavy metal concentration profiles presented similar distribution trends except Pb .and Mn. The results from elements analyses indicated that Honghu Lake had not been polluted by heavy metals except lead.     

浅谈火电项目山谷干灰场水土流失防治对策——以徐矿集团新疆阿克苏热电厂为例

火电厂项目建设对生态环境的影响越来越引起人们的重视,特别是山谷千贮灰场,无论在建设期还是运营期都是火电厂项目防治水土流失的重中之重,其治理已成为人们广泛关注的问题。本文以徐矿集团新疆阿克苏热电厂为例,针对灰场水土流失的各个环节,提出具体的防治对策。     

The source and fate of sediment and mercury in the Tapajós River, Pará, Brazilian Amazon: Ground- and space-based evidence

We present results of mercury (Hg) in surface waters and soils and an analysis of satellite imagery from the Tapajós River basin, Brazilian Amazon, and the Reserva Garimpeira do Tapajós, the legal gold mining district of the basin. Hg bound to suspended sediment was roughly 600 and 200 times the concentration of dissolved Hg per litre of water, in impacted and pristine areas, respectively. Suspended sediments thus represent the major pathway of river-borne Hg. Median concentrations of Hg in suspended load from both impacted and pristine waters were 134 ppb, and 80% of samples were below 300ppb-in the range of naturally occurring surficial materials in the tropics. Regionally, riverine Hg fluxes were proportional to the concentration of total suspended solids. This shows that the dominant source of Hg is the sediment itself rather than anthropogenic mercury discharge from the small-scale mines. To independently test this conclusion, a mass balance was performed. A conservative calculation of the annual export of mercury (Hg) from the Creporí River (a minimum) was 1.6 tonnes for the year 1998-it could be significantly larger. This amount of Hg is difficult to account for by anthropogenic discharge alone, confirming that enhanced physical erosion caused by sluicing and dredging operations is the dominant source of Hg. We therefore conclude that gold mining operations are primarily responsible for elevated Hg concentrations. The dominant source of contamination is not, however, the loss of Hg in the gold amalgamation process. Rather, the disturbance and mobilization of large quantities of Hg-rich sediment and floodplain soil into the water column during mining operations is the source of contamination. These findings shift the focus of remediation and prevention efforts away from Hg control toward soil and sediment erosion control. The minimization or elimination of Hg losses in the mining process remains important for the health of local peoples and environments, but keeping basin soils and sediments in place would be a much more effective means of minimizing Hg fluxes to the region's rivers. To gain a spatial and historical perspective on the source and extent of emissions, satellite imagery was used. We were able to reconstruct historical mining activity, locate impacted areas, and estimate historical Hg fluxes with the imagery. To do so, the spectral characteristics of satellite images were calibrated to the concentration of suspended sediment in the rivers, which, in turn, is proportional to the Hg concentration. This analysis shows that mining-induced sediment plumes have been a dominant source of sediment to the Tapajós River system for decades. As well, the intensity and location of these emissions has varied through time. For example, sediment discharge from the Creporí River was greater in 1985 than in 1998; and the tributaries on the west bank of the Tapajós were actively being mined in 1985 but had been abandoned in 1998. This type of information should greatly assist in understanding original and ongoing sources of emissions, and in managing prevention and remediation efforts.     

Development of an immunochromatographic assay for the rapid detection of bromoxynil in water

A rapid immunochromatographic one-step strip test was developed to specifically determine bromoxynil in surface and drinking water by competitive inhibition with the nano colloidal gold-conjugated monoclonal antibody (mAb). Bromoxynil standard samples of 0.01–10 mg L⁻¹ in water were tested by this method and the visual limit was 0.06 mg L⁻¹. The assay only required 5 min and one-step by dispensing a drop of sample solution onto a strip. Parallel analysis of water samples with bromoxynil showed comparable results from one-step strip test and ELISA. Therefore, the one-step strip test is very useful as a screening method for qualitative detection of bromoxynil in water.