土壤调查中采样点定位方法浅谈

探讨了通过互联网利用Google Earth以及中文地图网页对全国土壤污染状况调查中的采样点进行定位的方法，阐述了必要的操作步骤及应用技巧。应用此方法可大大提高土壤样品采集的工作效率，但同时也存在一些不足之处。     

基于改进遥感生态指数的青藏公路那（曲）安（多）段生态环境评估及驱动机制分析

青藏公路沿线生态环境是西藏地区生态文明建设的重要组成部分,目前研究青藏高原独特的地理环境普遍存在数据获取困难、时效性过低及未考虑研究区独特的“高寒盐碱”环境状况等问题.基于GEE平台及研究区独特地理环境,对遥感生态指数（RSEI）进行改进,采用主成分分析法构建一种新的适用于高寒盐碱地区的盐碱遥感生态指数（SRSEI）作为生态环境质量评价指标,利用ArcGIS 10.3平台、地理探测器等方法在多时空尺度下分析青藏公路那曲至安多段沿线生态环境质量空间分布格局与时间变异趋势,并探究自然和人为等8个控制因子对SRSEI时空变化的驱动机制.结果表明：①相较于RSEI,SRSEI对植被更加敏感,对植被稀疏和盐碱化严重地区的分辨能力更强,适合高寒盐碱区生态质量评价.②研究区生态环境质量空间尺度上存在明显的地理分异性,生态质量较差的区域主要集中在北部安多县城,质量等级为优和良地区主要分布在中西部和东南部那曲地区;时间尺度上32年间研究区生态环境整体呈改善趋势,中西部和东南部植被覆盖度明显增加,对生态环境有很强的改善作用,改善面积1 425.98 km²,占比99.82%.SRSEI均值为0.49,总体呈波动上升趋势,平均增幅为0.015 7 a^-1.③土地利用方式是研究区生态环境质量变化中驱动力最大的影响因子,多年份平均q值0.1576,环境因子的影响力较低;多因子交互结果显示,研究区的生态环境现状是多重因素共同作用的结果,所有因子在交互作用下均有协同增强的作用,且人为因素的影响力在逐步上升,植被净初级生产力（NPP）和土地利用方式交互作用是研究区生态环境质量的主要交互控制因子.该研究可为那曲至安多段沿线生态环境保护和可持续发展提供理论依据.     

咸海流域地表水变化长期监测及驱动因素分析

咸海流域是绿色丝绸之路经济带的重要枢纽.但是地表水的逐年减少,对咸海流域的生态环境产生了恶劣的影响,严重阻碍了绿色丝绸之路经济带的建设.本文基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台上的1992?—?2018年Landsat影像,采用水体频率的方法提取咸海流域地表水信息,对咸海流域地表水的时空变化进行了研...     

Living with floating vegetation invasions

Invasions of water bodies by floating vegetation, including water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), are a huge global problem for fisheries, hydropower generation, and transportation. We analyzed floating plant coverage on 20 reservoirs across the world’s tropics and subtropics, using > 30 year time-series of LANDSAT remote-sensing imagery. Despite decades of costly weed control, floating invasion severity is increasing. Floating plant coverage correlates with expanding urban land cover in catchments, implicating urban nutrient sources as plausible drivers. Floating vegetation invasions have undeniable societal costs, but also provide benefits. Water hyacinths efficiently absorb nutrients from eutrophic waters, mitigating nutrient pollution problems. When washed up on shores, plants may become compost, increasing soil fertility. The biomass is increasingly used as a renewable biofuel. We propose a more nuanced perspective on these invasions moving away from futile eradication attempts towards an ecosystem management strategy that minimizes negative impacts while integrating potential social and environmental benefits.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01360-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

基于Google Earth的海域使用管理信息系统应用Ⅰ．浏览显示篇

建立海域使用管理信息系统的目的是对每一宗海的海域使用类型等信息进行确权登记,为各级海洋行政管理部门提供准确的基础信息资料.对充分利用互联网提供的资源和先进技术,即将Googh Earth免费提供的高分辨率的卫星影像有效地用到海域使用管理信息系统中做了探讨.Google Earth提供的卫星图像匹配了视图的方位、经纬度、视图高度,并可以放入点位标记、影像贴图及多边型三维数据,而且基于其遥感地图的宗海图及海籍信息能更加生动形象的描绘海域使用情况从而提升我国海洋管理和海洋资源开发利用的整体水平.     

Effect of IUCN Red List category on public attention to mammals

Cultural data is a powerful tool to analyze public awareness of key societal issues, including the conservation of nature. I used two publicly available repositories of cultural data, Google Trends and Google Ngram, to quantify the effect of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List conservation status on public attention toward 4539 mammal species. With Google Trends, I calculated whether Google searches for their common and scientific names have been increasing or decreasing over time. I also ran an anomaly detection analysis to investigate whether a change in red-list status directly results in an increase in Google searches. Additionally, I quantified the mentions of species’ common and scientific names in English texts with Google Ngram. Overall, Google searches for most mammal species remained at similar levels or increased since 2008. The severity of species’ IUCN Red List status was a significant predictor of increasing Google searches, although the effect size was relatively small. Red-list status seemed strongly confounded with mammal body size. Species that moved to a higher-risk category spiked significantly in Google searches directly after the new designation. The mention of species’ common names in the Google Ngram's English 2019 corpus significantly increased as the red-list category increased. These results provide valuable insight into the importance of the IUCN Red List for increasing public awareness and the usefulness of publicly available cultural data on examining the effectiveness of specific conservation efforts and thus evaluating targets for support and funding.     

Evaluating global interest in biodiversity and conservation

The first target of the Convention for Biological Diversity (Aichi target 1) was to increase public awareness of the values of biodiversity and actions needed to conserve it—a key prerequisite for other conservation targets. Monitoring success in achieving this target at a global scale has been difficult; however, increased digitization of human life in recent decades has made it easier to measure people's interests at an unprecedented scale and allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of Aichi target 1 than previously attempted. We used Google search volume data for over a thousand search terms related to different aspects of biodiversity and conservation to evaluate global interest in biodiversity and its conservation. We also investigated the correlation of interest in biodiversity and conservation across countries to variables related to biodiversity, economy, demography, research, education, internet use, and presence of environmental organizations. From 2013 to 2020, global searches for biodiversity components increased, driven mostly by searches for charismatic fauna (59% of searches were for mammal species). Searches for conservation actions, driven mostly by searches for national parks, decreased since 2019, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic inequality was negatively correlated with interest in biodiversity and conservation, whereas purchasing power was indirectly positively correlated with higher levels of education and research. Our results suggest partial success toward achieving Aichi target 1 in that interest in biodiversity increased widely, but not for conservation. We suggest that increased outreach and education efforts aimed at neglected aspects of biodiversity and conservation are still needed. Popular topics in biodiversity and conservation could be leveraged to increase awareness of other topics with attention to local socioeconomic contexts.     

基于Google Earth的海域使用管理信息系统的应用 Ⅱ.二次开发篇

建立海域使用管理信息系统的目的是以宗海为管理单元,信息化、规范化用海管理程序,为各级海洋行政管理部门提供准确的基础信息资料。对GE的二次开发和kml文件生成等关键应用技术做了介绍,并以实例展示。通过Google Earth API接口或者kml文件可与业务管理系统交互,形成办公浏览一体化管理信息系统,以此作为"数字海洋"建设的重要内容。     

利用Google SketchUp快速构建滑坡三维模型

Google SketchUp是直接面向设计创作过程的三维建模软件,功能强大,简单易用,并且可以与Google Earth结合应用。三维建模一直是滑坡灾害研究中的热点,本文首先介绍了利用SketchUp进行滑坡三维模型的构建思路;然后重点阐述了构建流程,包括滑坡表面地形的获取、滑动曲面的构建、滑坡三维体的生成以及三维模型的渲染;最后通过一个具体实例展示了用SketchUp构建的具真实感的滑坡三维模型、三维剖面以及将模型放置到Google Earth中等应用。结论表明使用SketchUp是进行滑坡三维建模的一种理想方法。