A strategic design approach to develop sustainable product service systems: examples taken from the ‘environmentally friendly innovation’ Italian prize

The product service systems’ (PSS) sustainability potential is described in the framework of the new types of stakeholder relationships and/or partnerships, producing new convergence of economic interests, and a potential concomitant systemic resources optimization.In this perspective, it is argued that the design competencies should move towards those of the ‘strategic design’, thus introducing the concept of ‘strategic design for sustainability’: the design of an innovation strategy, shifting the business focus from designing (and selling) physical products only, to designing (and selling) a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands, while re-orienting current unsustainable trends in production and consumption practices.Some examples of PSS are presented and discussed using the PSS categories ‘services providing added value to the product life cycle’, ‘services providing final results to customers’, and ‘services providing enabling platforms for customers’. The cases derive from an analysis of the ‘environmental friendly innovation’ yearly endowed prize submissions. The Politecnico di Milano University together with the Bocconi University and Legambiente (an environmental NGO) promotes the initiative in Italy.     

德国《环境责任法》的基本内容和特色介评

简要论述了德国《环境责任法》的主要内容和特色 ,包括因果关系推定、无过失责任原则、受害人的咨询请求权制度以及责任保险、财务担保制度等。     

铁路专用线声环境影响评价

针对新建铁路专用线沿线的环境特征，提出了铁路专用线声环境影响评价的程序、内容和方法。在目前缺乏新建铁路噪声预测模式的情况下，提出了应对铁路边界噪声、不同距离处的铁路噪声、敏感点噪声、鸣笛噪声进行预测，并以某铁路专用线声环境影响评价为例，对上述四种噪声进行了预测，通过预测得到铁路两侧的声环境状况，并以此为依据提出了铁路噪声的防治对策，以保证铁路专用线沿线声环境质量。     

建立能够体现化工行业特点的行业排放标准初探

化工行业具有传统的工业类型和新兴产业交叉渗透的特点。现有的污染物排放标准因涵盖行业过多、细化内容不够、可操作性不强、行业特点不突出,故不太适应化工行业的发展,建立新的化工行业污染物排放标准势在必行。文章概要介绍了我国现有污染物排放标准,分析了美国、欧盟、日本、德国等一些国家和组织的排放标准,提议建立能够体现化工行业特点的行业排放标准,以达到淘汰落后工艺和促进清洁工艺的目的。     

Stipulation of the criteria for the construction of eco agricultural county in China

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Connecting sources, fractions and algal availability of sediment phosphorus in shallow lakes: An approach to the criteria for sediment phosphorus concentrations

Although point and nonpoint sources contribute roughly equal nutrient loads to lakes, their relative role in supporting algae growth has not been clarified. In this research, we have established a quantitative relationship between algae-available phosphorus (P) and P chemical fractions in sediments; the latter indicates the relative contribution of point versus nonpoint sources. Surface sediments from three large shallow lakes in eastern China, namely, the Chaohu, Taihu and Hongzehu Lakes, were sampled to assess their algae-available P and chemically extracted P fractions. The algae-available P primarily comes from iron/aluminium (hydr)oxide-bound P (Fe/Al-bound P), 45% of which is algae-available P. The ratio of Fe/Al-bound P to calcium compound-bound P (Ca-bound P) indicated the relative contribution of point to nonpoint sources, with the point sources contributing the majority of increased Fe/Al-bound P in sediments. Therefore, the reduction of point sources from urbanized areas, rather than nonpoint sources from agricultural areas that primarily contribute to the Ca-bound P fraction, should be prioritized to alleviate cyanobacterial algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in shallow lakes with sediment P as a potential source to support algae growth. With these important results, we proposed a conceptual model for “P-pumping suction” from sediments to algae to aid in the development of the criteria for sediment P concentrations in shallow lakes.     

发展绿色经济是21世纪的必要抉择

发展绿色经济是各个国家处理环境与发展关系，实现可持续发展的抉择。本文着重介绍了绿色经济的内容，主要包括绿色产业、绿色贸易、等。在发展绿色经济方面，我国已有一定认识并取得了较大成就，但和发达国家相比还存在较大差距，必须下大力迎头赶上。     

关于环境教育的思考

目前，我国专业环境教育毕业生供需基本平衡，但有专业设置过繁之弊；中小学环境教育处实验阶段，尚未普及；社会环境教育滞后则多由经济和文化落后所致。必须针对存在问题，借鉴国外成功经验，办好中国的环境教育。     

青岛市建设循环型经济社会的探讨

以青岛市为例,通过对传统型经济社会发展所面临环境问题的对比分析,阐述了发展循环经济、建设循环型经济社会对我国经济社会可持续发展的重要意义。指出为了实现2008年“绿色奥运”和生态型城市的建设目标,在青岛市发展循环经济,建立循环型经济社会的可能性和必要性。提出了青岛市发展循环经济、建设循环型经济社会的实施对策。     

企业开展污水回用工作存在的主要问题及对策

发挥政府职能,转变用水观念,拓展筹资方式,开发回用水市场,降低成本等是企业解决污水回用问题的有效对策和措施.文章对泰皇岛港务集团公司污水回用工作的成功实践进行了分析,该实例表明企业完全可以开展污水回用工作,工程社会、经济、环境效益明显,实际运行经验可供其他企业借鉴.