满足可持续发展的绿色铁路

随着可持续发展战略在世界范围内的实施,铁路在实现交通运输系统可持续发展战略中的重要地位和作用,已成为许多国家的共识;通过对可持续发展在交通运输系统中的意义的讨论,具体阐述了可持续性发展的绿色铁路内涵;分析比较了铁路与其它各种运输方式在实现交通运输系统可持续性发展中的优势,并通过分析当前我国铁路网整体能力严重不足,运输紧张的状况,指出大力建设绿色铁路是我国可持续发展交通运输体系的优选方式.     

抚顺市环境噪声现状及控制对策

本文以抚顺市1996年2005年的噪声监测资料为依据，分析了抚顺市的环境噪声污染现状、特征，指出存在的主要问题是：社会生活噪声突出、交通噪声污染显著。并据此探索合理的防治措施——噪声控制规划纳入城市发展规划及强化城市环境噪声管理。     

可交易水污染许可证发展现状与应用前景

可交易排污许可证在传统的排污许可证基础上，引入市场机制。不但对企业选择污染控制手段赋予更大的灵活性，而且可以大大节约水污染控制费用、剌激企业开发并建设更加经济有效的污染控制技术。国外十多年的研究和实践证明可交易排污许可证是一种经济而有效的环境管理手段。水污染排放许可证制度在我国的应用已有一定基础。在条件具备的地区可以引进可交易水污染物排放许可证制度，本文回顾了“可交易水污染许可证制度”的理论分析和国外实践，进而探讨在中国的应用前景     

临安市实施清洁生产和发展绿色产业总体构思

以临安市为例，通过对该市社会经济发展现状及其制约“瓶颈”的分析，指出县域经济的进一步发展存在强烈的路径依赖，即必须按照可持续发展的基本原则，以清洁生产与绿色产业为目标取向，并相应提出一些设想和措施。     

球团竖炉烟尘除尘脱硫净化技术设备

本文介绍了球团竖炉的烟尘排放特性 ,分析了烟尘回收效益及脱硫、除尘、除雾一体化技术设备 ,该技术设备是一种紧凑合理、高效耐用、性价比高、管理方便、适合国情的大气环境净化技术设备     

天然气引射调峰系统的噪声形成及其治理研究

采用天然气引射调峰技术,能使上海某储配站10台天然气高压球罐的储气调峰能率提高68%,大大有助于解决天然气用气高峰时的供需平衡问题,并能节约初投资人民币1亿元.但使用超音速引射器后,当球罐压力下降到某一值时会产生高频噪声,影响管束区操作环境.本文分析了噪声产生的原因,提出了合理的噪声治理方案,并进行了方案的实施.实践证明:噪声治理效果良好,降低了管束区噪声污染,达到了国家"工业企业噪声卫生标准".     

不同粒度飞灰中16种微量元素的含量分布

研究了不同粒级的燃煤飞灰中的Ｂａ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｈｇ、Ｌｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｚｎ、Ｚｒ元素的含量分布,煤中元素的含量比及富集因子。     

试论环境侵害损害赔偿中的行政调解

论述了环境侵害损害赔偿中应用行政调解的特点、效力等问题，具有一定的现实意义。     

Toxic Effects of Crude Oil Combined with Oil Cleaner Simple Green on Yolk-sac Larvae and Adult Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (4 pp)

Background, Goal and Scope Cleaner CRYSTAL Simple Green (SG) was used for the cleanup of the oil spill in the Baltic Sea near Lithuania in 2001. No scientific data are available on the effects and consequences of its application for local aquatic life. The aim of this study was to determine and compare sublethal effects of a) solution SG; b) crude oil alone; c) SG in combination with oil on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss at different stages of its development in laboratory conditions.Methods Laboratory studies were performed on adult rainbow trout (4-day duration) and on yolk-sac larvae (25-day duration) evaluating their biological parameters. Concentrations of water-soluble and thin-dispersed fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons were measured using gas chromatography.Results and Discussion SG solution (0.5 mg/l) did not affect the survival of larvae and adult fish, and no significant changes were determined in respiratory parameters of the exposed larvae and adult fish. The most expressed alterations were found in morphological parameters (a decrease in the average body mass) of larvae and in haematological indices (a decrease in the leukocyte count) of adult fish at the end of the tests. Crude oil (1610 mg/l) did not affect the survival of adult fish during the 4-day exposure. An increase in larvae mortality rate (~ 36%) was recorded at the end of the tests. A significant decrease in the average body mass and heart rate of larvae as well as in gill ventilation frequency of larvae and adult fish were determined. SG combined with oil induced an increase in larval mortality  46% of individuals died at the end of the tests. No mortality was recorded in adult fish. The average body mass and heart rate of larvae were significantly decreased. Marked changes were also found in respiratory parameters (gill ventilation frequency of larvae and adult fish significantly decreased, while “coughing” rate increased). A 1-day, 2-day exposure of fish to SG combined with oil induced a significant decrease in the leukocyte count of adult fish, which was also determined at the end of the tests. The augmentation of adverse impact could be explained by the data obtained from our studies. When SG was added into dilution water with crude oil the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the mixture increased 3 ~ 4.5 times after 24 h and 96 h, respectively. Conclusions The comparative study of the effects of crude oil alone, SG and SG combined with oil showed that their toxic effects on fish differed. Oil combined with SG was found to be more toxic to fish (larvae and adults) than SG alone and oil alone. Fish at early stages of development (yolk-sac larvae) were more sensitive to the effects of the compounds studied than adults.Recommendations and Outlook To diminish the negative impact of oil spill cleanup using chemicals on aquatic ecosystems, it is recommended to carry out more comprehensive studies of their effects and after-effects in laboratory conditions using a wide scale of local aquatic organisms. The selected species of the most sensitive aquatic organisms should include those which are unable to escape the impact of combined action of oil and cleaners. Special attention should be directed to the research of effects of these pollutants on studied organisms at their most sensitive stages of life (reproduction, hatching, early stages of development), as after-effects of exposure to pollutants may be observed in future generations.     

典型异味源的感官特性及特征污染物筛选

为研究不同异味源的感官特性以及不同行业特征污染物的排放差异,以卷烟厂、烘培坊、烤漆厂为研究对象,采用愉悦度9级度量法,测定源样品不同稀释倍数（5~6个浓度梯度）下的愉悦度等级,绘制3种典型异味源愉悦度-臭气浓度指数特征曲线,并进行回归分析,同时筛选出3个典型异味源的特征污染物（烤漆厂的特征污染物为乙酸乙酯、对二乙苯、乙苯、间二甲苯、乙酸丁酯,卷烟厂为乙醇、萘、2-丁酮、柠檬烯、丙烷,烘培坊为乙醇、柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、甲苯、丙酮）,并建立了异味评价干扰潜力的数学模型.结果表明:3种典型异味源的愉悦度与臭气浓度指数之间的关系均符合二次多项式模型,卷烟厂和烤漆厂异味源的愉悦度均为负值,并且厌恶程度随臭气浓度的增大而增强;而烘焙坊异味源的愉悦度为正值.当愉悦度等级为-2时,卷烟厂和烤漆厂对应的臭气浓度分别为30和26.干扰潜力的强弱是由臭气浓度和愉悦度2个因素直接决定的,烤漆厂的干扰潜力为-14.48,卷烟厂为-14.17,烘培坊为11.77.研究显示,愉悦度与臭气浓度指数间量化关系模型以及异味源干扰潜力评估模型的建立,可为异味源的分类分级以及异味源环境影响标准的制订提供科学依据.