医院项目在环保验收监测中应关注的重点问题——以昆山宗仁卿纪念医院一期工程为例

本文依据项目竣工环保验收规范性文件、医院污水处理技术指南、医疗废物管理条例等相关规定和要求,论述了此类项目环保验收监测工作中应关注的重点问题,以及目前存在的问题及解决方案,并以工程实例进行了说明。     

灾后承接非政府组织援助系统工程的综合集成模式——以汶川8.0级地震为例

分析了承接非政府组织(NGO)援助复杂巨系统的框架结构、时空结构、运行结构及整体特性;提出了地震灾后承接援助系统工程的综合集成模式;分别就承接援建集成工程的运作模式和具体实施框架进行了讨论;就援建系统工程、迎建系统工程、应急组织系统工程和保障系统工程等具体实施工程做了细致的阐述。     

A methodology for optimal MSW management,with an application in the waste transportation of Attica Region,Greece

The paper describes a software system capable of formulating alternative optimal Municipal Solid Wastes (MSWs) management plans, each of which meets a set of constraints that may reflect selected objections and/or wishes of local communities. The objective function to be minimized in each plan is the sum of the annualized capital investment and annual operating cost of all transportation, treatment and final disposal operations involved, taking into consideration the possible income from the sale of products and any other financial incentives or disincentives that may exist. For each plan formulated, the system generates several reports that define the plan, analyze its cost elements and yield an indicative profile of selected types of installations, as well as data files that facilitate the geographic representation of the optimal solution in maps through the use of GIS. A number of these reports compare the technical and economic data from all scenarios considered at the study area, municipality and installation level constituting in effect sensitivity analysis. The generation of alternative plans offers local authorities the opportunity of choice and the results of the sensitivity analysis allow them to choose wisely and with consensus.The paper presents also an application of this software system in the capital Region of Attica in Greece, for the purpose of developing an optimal waste transportation system in line with its approved waste management plan. The formulated plan was able to: (a) serve 113 Municipalities and Communities that generate nearly 2 million t/y of comingled MSW with distinctly different waste collection patterns, (b) take into consideration several existing waste transfer stations (WTS) and optimize their use within the overall plan, (c) select the most appropriate sites among the potentially suitable (new and in use) ones, (d) generate the optimal profile of each WTS proposed, and (e) perform sensitivity analysis so as to define the impact of selected sets of constraints (limitations in the availability of sites and in the capacity of their installations) on the design and cost of the ensuing optimal waste transfer system. The results show that optimal planning offers significant economic savings to municipalities, while reducing at the same time the present levels of traffic, fuel consumptions and air emissions in the congested Athens basin.     

生物法废气净化专用微生物菌种及其作用

用气相培育驯化法培养获得废气净化专用菌种,由其挂膜制作的生物膜填料塔对废气中甲苯进行净化,实验结果表明,气相培养法所得菌种对甲苯的净化性能明显优于液相培养法所得菌种.生物膜通过吸附-生物降解作用过程净化气相中的甲苯,使针对挥发性有机废气生物净化过程提出的吸附-生物膜动力学理论的依据得到了验证.     

白洋淀湿地生态环境需水量研究

采用生态水位法对白洋淀湿地生态环境需水量进行了计算.该方法主要是从湿地的水文条件出发,通过对其长序列的水文资料分析,得出该湿地较适宜的水文条件,然后再与生态环境状况进行对照分析,从而得出湿地的理想和最小生态环境需水量.通过计算,得出白洋淀湿地的最小生态水位系数是0.94,理想生态水位系数大于1.10.由此,进一步计算出生态水位和生态环境需水量,该生态水位系数也为其它类似湿地提供了生态水位计算标准.白洋淀全年的月平均最小生态环境需水量为0.87×108m3,理想生态环境需水量为2.78×108m3.计算结果表明,湿地生态环境需水量夏季最大,冬季最小,符合季节气候水文条件变化规律;从实践角度看,其生态水的配置是可行的.同时,该方法可为国内其它湿地的生态环境需水计算提供参考.     

水生植物总氮测定中两种消化方法的比较

水生植物在人工湿地污水净化过程中起着非常重要的作用,植物组织中氮、磷的含量是考察人工湿地净化污水效能的一个重要指标。采用经典的Kjeldahl（凯氏）消化法和H2SO4—H2O2消化法测定了人工湿地植物体中总氮含量,分析了两种消化方法各自的优缺点,并应用SPSS统计软件对两种方法测得的数据进行统计检验。其结果表明,两种方法测得的总氮含量具有显著性差异。应根据不同的实验要求选择适宜的测定方法。     

火区调压技术在煤峪口矿的实际应用

在采场均压防灭火实验室模型模拟实验的基础上 ,总结了煤峪口矿现场实施火区的调压工艺技术。该技术包括利用调压气室平衡火区风压、提高工作面风压和堵塞地表裂隙 3项调压措施 ,其防灭火效果十分显著。在这 3项措施中 ,无论是工作面升压或气室调压失效 ,此时填堵裂隙工程则会发挥重要作用     

上海市废弃电器电子产品回收现状及分析

基于废弃电器电子产品产生量大、价值高、危害性强等特点,阐述了对它们进行回收处理的必然性。文中在调研上海市废弃电器电子产品回收量、预测其产生量的基础上,阐明了在家电以旧换新的政策下上海市废弃电器电子产品具有很高回收率以及废弃电视机的所占比例极高的特点,并分析了产生这种现象的原因。     

The elaboration process – an approach for sustainable product development: a case study

Environmentally conscious product development, eco-design or design for environment is the methodology trying to introduce environmental requirements into product design. The first step of this process is the gathering of customer requirements for a structured product development procedure, such as quality function deployment (QFD). The problem is that environmental requirements are usually unspoken by the customers. This paper describes a methodology for uncovering such requirements by using environmental default questions in an elaboration process. This leads to an increased customer environmental awareness, and it generates a comprehensive list of requirements suitable for use in a subsequent QFD process. The effects of the elaboration process are demonstrated in one case study.