太湖流域双酚AF和双酚S人体健康水质基准的研究

作为双酚A(Bisphenol A, BPA)的替代物,双酚AF(Bisphenol AF, BPAF)和双酚S(Bisphenol S, BPS)在工业中被广泛使用.近年来,BPAF和BPS在水环境中不断被检出,由于其难降解特性和较高的毒性效应,可能会对水生态系统和人体健康造成不利影响.基于此,本文以太湖流域为研究对象,开展太湖的人体健康基准研究,依据本土化人体暴露参数、水质参数、BPAF和BPS的生物累积系数等相关数据,推导出太湖流域BPAF和BPS基于人体健康风险的水环境质量基准值(Ambient Water Quality Criteria, AWQC)分别为0.4455μg·L~(-1)和10.02μg·L~(-1).此外,通过对特殊人群和普通人群的人体健康基准值进行比较,发现特殊人群的基准值均低于普通人群的基准值.该研究推导的BPAF和BPS基于人体健康风险的水环境质量基准值,可为我国双酚替代物的环境风险管理、人体健康基准研究和水环境质量标准的修订工作提供技术支持.     

“有感领导”在石化企业安全管理中的应用

基于"有感领导"的内涵,从"听到、看到、感受到"3个层次提出践行"有感领导"的实施要求,在分析"有感领导"实施内容的基础上,结合"领导干部个人安全行动计划",介绍了"有感领导"在某石化企业的实践应用。     

UASB反应器对晚期渗滤液的碳氮协同削减效应

为了强化UASB反应器对厌氧+好氧反应器末端出水的生物处理过程,采用厌氧+好氧反应器+UASB反应器工艺,通过生物处理方法实现了难降解有机物与氮的协同削减.结果表明:①通过控制UASB反应器中ρ（NO_x--N）,优化微环境中最佳ORP范围,当ORP为（-300±10）mV时,ρ（COD_Cr）（此时主要以胡敏酸和富里酸等难降解的腐殖性有机物为主）由313.00 mg/L降至106.00 mg/L,ρ（TN）由139.60 mg/L降至60.30 mg/L,去除率分别达66.13%、56.81%.②傅里叶红外光谱分析结果显示,出水中含羧基、羟基、醌基、酰胺、苯环取代基等相关官能团的有机物减少,含脂肪族官能团的有机物增多.③16S rRNA结果显示,厌氧+好氧反应器+UASB反应器中的优势菌属分别为VadinHA17、Clostridium（梭菌属）、Anaerolineaceae（厌氧绳菌属）、Denitratisoma,其丰度占比分别为3.29%、35.17%、8.60%、2.84%.VadinHA17通过降解UASB反应器中的多种复杂有机物,为反硝化过程提供碳源;Clostridium利用UASB反应器中丰富的硝酸盐激活Clostridium胞外氧化酶,强化Clostridium对难降解复杂有机物的降解能力,将自身的胞内电子通过细胞膜上的细胞色素传递到胞外电子受体上,使NO_x--N得到电子还原为氨,降低氮含量;Anaerolineaceae与Denitratisoma则分别作用于UASB反应器的厌氧消化过程及生物脱氮过程.研究显示,UASB反应器中由于VadinHA17、Clostridium、Anaerolineaceae与Denitratisoma的作用,COD_Cr和TN去除率分别为66.13%、56.81%,实现了晚期渗滤液中难降解有机物与TN的协同削减.      

安徽省冬季采暖耗能对全球气候变暖的响应

基于1971—2018年安徽省77个气象站均一化日平均温度资料,采用趋势分析等方法,研究气候变暖对冬季采暖耗能的影响。结果表明：近48年安徽省冬季显著增暖,采暖初日推迟、终日提前,采暖期长度缩短,采暖强度显著下降。冬季温度在1989年发生突变,此后进入升温通道,因而将研究序列划分为基准时段（1971—1989年）和变暖期（1990—2018年）。相比于基准时段,变暖期内采暖期长度呈现空间一致性缩短,变化幅度自东北向西南递减,皖北北部及江淮之间东部缩短程度最大,大别山及皖南山区为全省低值区。全省采暖强度均减少,减少幅度自北向南递减。采暖节能贡献率介于3.6%~8.9%之间,高值区主要位于皖北北部、江淮之间北部和沿江东部,低值区则位于大别山及皖南两大山区。     

大型复杂电子系统开展“五性”一体化设计的必要性

本文首先对大型复杂电子系统的特点及"五性"一体化设计的思想进行了阐述,进而结合工程实际,分析了当前"五性"设计存在的问题,提出开展"五性"一体化设计是解决上述问题的根本出路,并提出了相应建议措施,对如何建立"五性"指标体系、综合设计模型、"五性"一体化信息平台进行了一定的阐述。     

增强全民减灾意识的思考

本文首先分析近几十年来全民减灾意识淡化的原因,然后着重提出了增强全民减灾意识的对策建议。     

陕西省关中地区农业水价调整研究

本文通过分析关中地区农业水价现状和问题，认为农业水价低于供水生产成本，从需求价格弹性分析表明，价格对农业用水调节作用大，以此提出了价格杠杆调节关中农业用水的措施。     

Environmental,economic and social costs and benefits of a packaging waste management system: A Portuguese case study

The impact of the management of packaging waste on the environment, economic growth and job creation is analyzed in this paper. This integrated assessment intends to cover a gap in the literature for this type of studies, using the specific case study of the Portuguese packaging waste management system (SIGRE).The net environmental benefits associated with the management of packaging waste, are calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The results show that, for the categories studied, the impacts associated to SIGRE's various activities are surpassed by the benefits associated to material and energy recovery, with special focus on recycling. For example, in 2011 SIGRE avoided the emission of 116 kt CO₂ equiv. – the equivalent carbon emission of the electricity consumption of 124.000 households in Portugal.The economic impact of SIGRE is evaluated through Input–Output Analysis. It was found that SIGRE's activities also have a significant economic impact. For example, their added value are ranked amongst the upper third of the economic activities with highest multiplier effect at national level: this means that for each Euro of value added generated within SIGRE, 1.25 additional € are added to the rest of the economy (multiplier effect of 2.25).Regarding the social impacts of SIGRE, the number of direct jobs associated with the system is estimated to be more than two thousand and three hundred workers. Out of these, 83% are connected to the management of municipal waste packaging (selective collection and sorting), 15% are connected to the management of non-municipal packaging waste and only 2% are connected to the Sociedade Ponto Verde (SPV, green dot society in English) – the management entity responsible for SIGRE.In general terms, the results obtained provide quantitative support to the EEA (2011) suggestion that moving up the waste hierarchy – from landfilling to recycling – creates jobs and boosts the economy.     

重点生态功能区转移支付对生态产业发展的空间效应——以江西省80个县为例

发展生态产业是重点生态功能区实现高质量跨越式发展的重要途经,而重点生态功能区转移支付是目前为止国家对重点生态功能区唯一的具有直接性、持续性和集中性的生态保护补偿政策。本文在以往研究的基础上,采用空间计量模型探究重点生态功能区转移支付对生态产业发展的影响。以江西省为研究对象,基于2008—2018年研究数据,以县域为研究单元对生态产业发展水平进行测度,并运用空间杜宾模型探究重点生态功能区转移支付对生态产业发展的空间效应。结果表明：生态产业发展在空间上存在显著的正向自相关性,且在江西省境内呈现出西北地区高—高集聚,东南地区低—低集聚的现象;重点生态功能区转移支付的提高不仅会显著促进当地生态产业的发展,还会提高邻近地区的生态产业发展水平。     

Improving collaboration in the implementation of global biodiversity conventions

Eight conventions make up the biodiversity cluster of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) that provide the critical international legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of nature. However, concerns about the rate of implementation of the conventions at the national level have triggered discussions about the effectiveness of these MEAs in halting the loss of biodiversity. Two main concerns have emerged: lack of capacity and resources and lack of coherence in implementing multiple conventions. We focused on the latter and considered the mechanisms by which international conventions are translated into national policy. Specifically, we examined how the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and the associated Aichi Biodiversity Targets have functioned as a unifying grand plan for biodiversity conservation. This strategic plan has been used to coordinate and align targets to promote and enable more effective implementation across all biodiversity-related conventions. Results of a survey of 139 key stakeholders from 88 countries suggests streamlining across ministries and agencies, improved coordination mechanisms with all relevant stakeholders, and better knowledge sharing between conventions could improve cooperation among biodiversity-related conventions. The roadmap for improving synergies among conventions agreed to at the 13th Convention on Biological Diversity's Conference of Parties in 2016 includes actions such as mechanisms to avoid duplication in national reporting and monitoring on conventions and capacity building related to information and knowledge sharing. We suggest the scientific community can actively engage and contribute to the policy process by establishing a science-policy platform to address knowledge gaps; improving data gathering, reporting, and monitoring; developing indicators that adequately support implementation of national plans and strategies; and providing evidence-based recommendations to policy makers. The latter will be particularly important as 2020 approaches and work to develop a new biodiversity agenda for the next decade is beginning.