我国环保产业研究现状分析——基于宏观视角的文献述评

通过文献研究法,基于宏观视角对我国环保产业研究成果进行梳理。当前,我国的环保产业研究成果初具规模,研究重点在于环保产业的现状分析、问题探讨以及对策研究,包括环保产业各主体间博弈均衡、环保产业的技术支持、投融资机制等内容。未来环保产业研究应注意环保产业竞争力的科学评价、环保产业主体间的良性互动及其合力的达成以及环保技术评价和兑现。     

浅析美欧物联网发展和环保应用概况

这篇文章主要对美国和欧盟物联网发展历程进行了概述,并对欧盟的一系列物联网政策文件《欧盟物联网行动计划》、《未来物联网战略》等进行解读,最后重点分析了美国City Sense,MARVIN物联网环保应用案例和欧洲OSIRIS空气质量传感网、Sensaris穿戴式无线传感器监测系统、河川水质污染管理与预警系统等重要物联网环保应用项目。在此基础上,结合中国环保物联网发展现状提出相关建议。     

Visitor Perceptions and the Shifting Social Carrying Capacity of South Sinai’s Coral Reefs

To investigate how the perceptions and behaviour of visitors to coral reefs are influenced by their prior experience and knowledge of marine life, a questionnaire-based study was undertaken at sites in the Ras Mohammed National Park and at Sharm El Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. It was evident that over the 10–20 years during which these reefs have deteriorated (mainly due to reef-flat trampling), there have been interrelated shifts in the nature of visitors making use of them. First, there has been a shift from experienced divers and snorkellers to inexperienced snorkellers and non-snorkellers with a poorer knowledge of reef biology. Second, there has been a shift in the predominant nationalities of visitors, from German and British, through Italian, to Russian. More recent user groups both stated and showed that they had less experience of snorkelling; they also showed less knowledge of marine life and less interest in learning about it. Visitor perceptions of both the state of the marine life on the reefs and the acceptability of current visitor numbers also varied between groups. More recent visitor groups and visitors with less knowledge were more satisfied with reef health. In general, however, visitor perceptions of reef health did not correlate well with actual reef conditions, probably because more experienced visitors preferred less impacted sites with which they were nevertheless less satisfied than inexperienced visitors at heavily impacted sites. More recent visitor groups were also less bothered by crowding on the shore or in the water. Consequently, the apparent “social carrying capacity” of sites seems to be increasing to a level well above the likely “ecological carrying capacity”.     

A multiple timescales approach to assess urgency in adaptation to climate change with an application to the tourism industry

As climate change adaptation is increasingly discussed and becoming a mainstream concept, different types of users are asking themselves if and when they should develop an adaptation strategy, often not knowing where to begin. Climate experts, on the other hand, have access to an enormous amount of data that could be useful to users but often do not know how to translate it into something practical. Both users and experts can be linked through two timescales, the system lifespan and climate vulnerability. While the system lifespan relies on the user’s estimation of his planning timeframe, the climate vulnerability is estimated from climate model projections and observations. We propose a simple tool to relate user and climate expert knowledge by combining the two timescales. To be reliable, the interconnection implies a dialogue to first identify what sensitive climate variable will impact the system and subsequently the extent of the impact. Climate data can then be used to identify, with the use of a simple graph, how sensitive a system is likely to be and help users position themselves about the urgency of adaptation. The concept has been successfully presented and applied to the tourism industry, notably the ski industry, which is showcased in this paper.     

政府环境绩效审计研究综述

为了对政府环境绩效审计的有关理论问题有一个系统深入的认识,促进环境绩效审计工作的发展,文章对政府环境绩效审计方式尤其是评价指标体系等方面的国内外研究进展进行了综述,对审计的核心内容、主要方法和实现途径进行了探讨,期望为我国环境绩效审计工作指标体系、核心内容、主要方法和实现途径等工作的开展提供借鉴作用。     

河北省环境保护与可持续发展研究

针对河北省经济社会发展的态势,在分析制约可持续发展因素的基础上,论述了环境保护与可持续发展的关系以及金融、财政、税收和产业等宏观调控政策,提出了实现省域环境保护与可持续发展的对策与措施。     

Effectiveness of Voluntary Habitat Stewardship in Conserving Grassland: Case of Operation Burrowing Owl in Saskatchewan

There have been no published performance evaluations of nongovernmental, voluntary habitat stewardship programs. The Operation Burrowing Owl (OBO) stewardship program, initiated in 1987, was evaluated for its effectiveness in conservation of grassland habitat during 1986–1993. The 108 OBO sites from 1987 to 88 and 98 randomly selected non-OBO sites that were grassland in 1986 in the Regina-Weyburn, Saskatchewan study area were classified by size and agricultural soil suitability. By 1993, 41 (38%) of the 108 OBO sites had been withdrawn from the program. The 1986 area of grassland was compared with grassland area calculated from digitized 1993 LANDSAT imagery. A correction for satellite inaccuracies was determined. Grassland retention in 1993 was significantly higher at OBO sites (66%) than at random sites (49%), demonstrating that the OBO voluntary program effectively conserved habitat. Also, grassland retention was significantly lower on sites with better agricultural soils, and for sites <12 ha in size. Site type (OBO or random), size and their interaction, followed by agricultural soil suitability, had the greatest effects on grassland retention. During an era of accelerated grassland loss, OBO strongly and positively (statistically significant) affected conservation of grassland sites most at risk: sites <12 ha in size and with good to excellent agricultural soils. This suggests that grassland conservation efforts focus on vulnerable sites (small size and/or good agricultural soils) to provide nesting habitat for burrowing owls. Our study demonstrates that a voluntary stewardship program can significantly increase conservation of habitat.     

贫困地区旅游开发的土地利用--以安徽舒城县百丈岩旅游区为例

通过对贫困地区旅游开发过程中土地利用变化的分析,提出了土地利用变化的驱动力和评价原则,并根据旅游地生命周期理论,对未来土地利用的趋势和方向进行了分析,同时指出在开发旅游时应注意的问题.以安徽省舒城县百丈岩旅游区为例,在分析旅游开发可行性的基础上提出了本区的旅游发展战略,最后分析了旅游开发对土地利用结构变化的影响.     

运用税收手段保护环境

目前,发达国家十分重视运用税收手段保护环境,促进经济、社会的可持续发展。本文首先分析了税收手段在环境保护中的作用,然后对我国应用税收手段保护环境的现状进行了分析,最后,对我国的“绿色”税收制度进行了探讨。     

电磁波辐射的危害性及其防护

介绍电磁波辐射对生命体的危害性、相关判据及危害作用机理。重点阐述有关防护措施。