曳引式电梯补偿链长度的检验

本文通过电梯补偿链过长过短影响电梯正常检验和使用的实例,阐述电梯补偿链固定点在电梯运行使用过程中存在空间位置的变化的原因,强调电梯补偿链长度在检验中应注意的事项。     

Defining Indicators and Standards for Tourism Impacts in Protected Areas: Cape Range National Park,Australia

Visitors’ perceptions of impacts and acceptable standards for environmental conditions can provide essential information for the sustainable management of tourist destinations, especially protected areas. To this end, visitor surveys were administered during the peak visitor season in Cape Range National Park, on the northwest coast of Western Australia and adjacent to the iconic Ningaloo Reef. The central focus was visitors’ perceptions regarding environmental conditions and standards for potential indicators. Conditions considered of greatest importance in determining visitors’ quality of experience included litter, inadequate disposal of human waste, presence of wildlife, levels of noise, and access to beach and ocean. Standards were determined, based on visitors’ perceptions, for a range of site-specific and non-site-specific indicators, with standards for facilities (e.g., acceptable number of parking bays, signs) and for negative environmental impacts (e.g., levels of littering, erosion) sought. The proposed standards varied significantly between sites for the facilities indicators; however, there was no significant difference between sites for environmental impacts. For the facilities, the standards proposed by visitors were closely related to the existing situation, suggesting that they were satisfied with the status quo. These results are considered in the context of current research interest in the efficacy of visitor-derived standards as a basis for protected area management.     

表面活性剂在环境保护中的应用

表面活性剂是现代科学技术中的一种重要的精细化工品。它可以减少液体、固体和气体界面间的表面或界面张力,容易在水或其他液体中混合或扩散,因而广泛应用于环境保护等领域。本文介绍了表面活性剂在水污染处理技术、大气除尘技术、土壤和地下水污染修复技术中的应用现状,同时分析了表面活性剂在各种技术应用上的优点和缺点,对今后的应用研究提出了建议。     

关于加强开发区建设环境保护管理工作的思考

建设开发区是我国探索社会主义市场经济建设的一项重大举措，对吸引外资和发展经济起到了十分重要的作用，但开发区建设中的环境保护管理工作却是我国建设项目环境管理中的薄弱环节。本文通过对开发区建设环境保护管理工作中存在的问题及产生原因的分析，提出了加强开发区建设环境保护管理工作的一些思路，以减少人为干扰，增加环境保护工作的指导性。     

居室放射性及其对策

介绍了居室放射性的概念，度量单位，危害，影响因素及其分布特点，提出了防护对策。     

环境保护综合决策制度完善与实施

面向市场经济，以现代政府管理思想和运行机制为基础，对环境保护决策的现状，环境保护综合决策的功能、价值、目标、原则、对象内容、基础条件、保障条件进行综合剖析；指出应建立环境保护综合决策的评估机制、监督制衡机制，责任机制；明确指出克服分解性思维的局限，抑制部门利益驱动，在强大决策技术辅助系统支持下，依法按程序进行科学决策是环境保护综合决策的关键。     

脱硫化氢汽提塔塔顶腐蚀原因分析与对策

介绍了催化柴油加氢精制装置汽提塔顶冷却系统设备腐蚀的原因，并结合装置的实际情况提出了防腐措施。     

城市环保运行机制的设计原则

城市环保在城市建设和居民日常生活中都具有很重要的地位．本文对城市环保工作及其执行部门运行机制设计的原则进行了探索，供环保系统和其它有关部门参考．     

农业环保的经济损益分析

论述字农业环保经济损益分析的指标体系，提出了指标量化方法及经济损益分析方法，探讨了损益分析参数的实际意义。最后结合实例进行应用研究。     

Volatile organic compounds at swine facilities: A critical review

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are regulated aerial pollutants that have environmental and health concerns. Swine operations produce and emit a complex mixture of VOCs with a wide range of molecular weights and a variety of physicochemical properties. Significant progress has been made in this area since the first experiment on VOCs at a swine facility in the early 1960s. A total of 47 research institutions in 15 North American, European, and Asian countries contributed to an increasing number of scientific publications. Nearly half of the research papers were published by U.S. institutions.Investigated major VOC sources included air inside swine barns, in headspaces of manure storages and composts, in open atmosphere above swine wastewater, and surrounding swine farms. They also included liquid swine manure and wastewater, and dusts inside and outside swine barns. Most of the sample analyses have been focusing on identification of VOC compounds and their relationship with odors. More than 500 VOCs have been identified. About 60% and 10% of the studies contributed to the quantification of VOC concentrations and emissions, respectively. The largest numbers of VOC compounds with reported concentrations in a single experimental study were 82 in air, 36 in manure, and 34 in dust samples.The relatively abundant VOC compounds that were quantified in at least two independent studies included acetic acid, butanoic acid (butyric acid), dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, iso-valeric, p-cresol, propionic acid, skatole, trimethyl amine, and valeric acid in air. They included acetic acid, p-cresol, iso-butyric acid, butyric acid, indole, phenol, propionic acid, iso-valeric acid, and skatole in manure. In dust samples, they were acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, p-cresol, hexanal, and decanal. Swine facility VOCs were preferentially bound to smaller-size dusts.Identification and quantification of VOCs were restricted by using instruments based on gas Chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) with different detectors most of which require time-consuming procedures to obtain results. Various methodologies and technologies in sampling, sample preparation, and sample analysis have been used. Only four publications reported using GC based analyzers and PTR-MS (proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry) that allowed continuous VOC measurement. Because of this, the majority of experimental studies were only performed on limited numbers of air, manure, or dust samples. Many aerial VOCs had concentrations that were too low to be identified by the GC peaks.Although VOCs emitted from swine facilities have environmental concerns, only a few studies investigated VOC emission rates, which ranged from 3.0 to 176.5 mg d⁻¹ kg⁻¹ pig at swine finishing barns and from 2.3 to 45.2 g d⁻¹ m⁻² at manure storages. Similar to the other pollutants, spatial and temporal variations of aerial VOC concentrations and emissions existed and were significantly affected by manure management systems, barn structural designs, and ventilation rates.Scientific research in this area has been mainly driven by odor nuisance, instead of environment or health concerns. Compared with other aerial pollutants in animal agriculture, the current scientific knowledge about VOCs at swine facilities is still very limited and far from sufficient to develop reliable emission factors.