加热炉炉管穿孔事故处理及原因分析

以一起直接式原油加热炉炉管穿孔事故为例,介绍了事故处理程序,分析了炉管穿孔的原因是由于漏点腐蚀、坑点腐蚀以及炉管管卡损坏导致的,并提出了类似事故防范对策.     

A stochastic-advective transport model for NAPL dissolution and degradation in non-uniform flows in porous media

Remediation schemes for contaminated sites are often evaluated to assess their potential for source zone reduction of mass, or treatment of the contaminant between the source and a control plane (CP) to achieve regulatory limits. In this study, we utilize a stochastic stream tube model to explain the behavior of breakthrough curves (BTCs) across a CP. At the local scale, mass dissolution at the source is combined with an advection model with first-order decay for the dissolved plume. Field-scale averaging is then employed to account for spatial variation in mass within the source zone, and variation in the velocity field. Under the assumption of instantaneous mass transfer from the source to the moving liquid, semi-analytical expressions for the BTC and temporal moments are developed, followed by derivation of expressions for effective velocity, dispersion, and degradation coefficients using the method of moments. It is found that degradation strongly influences the behavior of moments and the effective parameters. While increased heterogeneity in the velocity field results in increased dispersion, degradation causes the center of mass of the plume to shift to earlier times, and reduces the dispersion of the BTC by lowering the concentrations in the tail. Modified definitions of effective parameters are presented for degrading solutes to account for the normalization constant (zeroth moment) that keeps changing with time or distance to the CP. It is shown that anomalous dispersion can result for high degradation rates combined with wide variation in velocity fluctuations. Implications of model results on estimating cleanup times and fulfillment of regulatory limits are discussed. Relating mass removal at the source to flux reductions past a control plane is confounded by many factors. Increased heterogeneity in velocity fields causes mass fluxes past a control plane to persist, however, aggressive remediation between the source and CP can reduce these fluxes.     

造纸机械用灰铸铁烘缸定期检验要点分析

灰铸铁烘缸具有特殊的铸造结构特征与灰铸铁材质特点,其定期检验要求不同于常规焊制金属压力容器。本文结合定期检验项目要求及现场检验经验,对造纸机械用灰铸铁烘缸的宏观检验、壁厚测定、无损检测、硬度检测、安全附件及仪表、耐压试验等定期检验项目进行了检验检测要点分析与探讨。     

CH_4/N_2/O_2预混气激波火焰结构数值预测

研究激波着火现象，推导激波加热点燃可燃气控制方程组。针对甲烷预混气激波火焰结构进行数值模拟，计算了激波燃烧时的压力、温度、及不同组分随时间的变化历程。其中甲烷燃烧采用美国BERKELEY大学GRI-MECH机理，该反应机理包含177个基元反应，涉及32种组分。程序采用美国SANDIA国家实验室发展的大型化学反应动力学软件包CHEMKIN III中相关的模型、子程序和热力学数据库。计算结果表明激波火焰有其自身的结构特征。     

我国钢铁工业节能环保工作现状与展望

分析了我国钢铁企业环保工作现状,指出了节能环保工作中存在的主要问题,提出了“十五”后期节能环保工作的主要目标和对策。     

九畹溪大桥大跨度钢管拱分段整体吊装施工安全措施探讨

在进行缆索吊装大跨度双肋钢管拱悬拼施工中,过去多采用空中焊接横联作业,该项施工难度大,尤其在桥高、风大、两岸地形陡峭、施工条件困难的情况下,施工安全和施工质量难以保证。是否能将空中焊接作业转化成地面作业,本文详细介绍缆索吊装大跨度双肋钢管拱进行悬拼施工新技术,并结合九畹溪大桥施工实例,探讨缆索吊装双肋悬拼钢管拱施工中工艺程序、质量控制、安全措施等工程施工新方法及施工效果。     

创建清洁钢厂的探索与实践

以福建三安钢铁有限公司为例,总结三安钢铁采取的一系列节能减排措施,同时提出创建清洁钢厂的对策与思路。     

无起爆药雷管内管装药密度对燃烧转爆轰的影响研究

起爆药雷管生产中产生大量有毒废水,且其运输、贮存存在安全隐患。为克服这些困难,笔者自行制备无起爆药雷管。采用圆筒式金属内管中装填超细PETN(季戊四醇四硝酸酯),作为起爆元件,代替起爆药部分,研究装药密度对内管燃烧转爆轰(DDT)的影响。研究结果表明,在内管壁厚1～2 mm,内径Φ4.0 mm,长25 mm,装压密度为0.8～1.14 g/cm3的范围内,内管能可靠实现燃烧转爆轰。