BEL型双维振打式电除尘器的研发

文章介绍了一种顶打和侧打相结合的BEL型双维振打式电除尘器，该产品将电除尘器两种主要的振打清灰技术结合，适用于老除尘器的提效改造及新除尘器的制造等。     

DESIGN OF DESALTING PLANTS FOR CONJUNCTIVE OPERATION1

ABSTRACT The selection of an evaporator design must reflect the balancing of captial cost (primarily in heat exchanger surface and vessels) against operating cost (primarily steam cost) to achieve minimum cost. In a conjunctive plant the tendency is to select a low-capital cost, high-operating cost plant. In addition, it is advantageous to use a high-capacity plant which needs to be operated much less of the time than a plant which is sized just at the needed rate. For example, in the study of a possible system to satisfy a future increase of 450 MGD in water supply to New York Qty, a plant of 750 MGD capacity was selected as optimum. This plant, of the advanced VTE-MSF process type, would have a performance ratio of 9 lb product/1000 Btu as compared to 10-13 normally used for base-loaded plants. Steam would be supplied by a multi-unit dual-purpose nuclear power plant. The most economical type of energy supply would be “interruptible”; the steam would be used by a low pressure turbine to generate electricity during periods of peak electrical demand but would be available to the desalting plant at other times. The low pressure turbine would be available as spinning reserve during desalting plant operation. It is estimated that the desalting plant would have a load factor of 27 per cent over its life.     

利用废铁屑处理含铬废水试验研究

通过研究在酸性条件下利用废铁屑处理剧毒的六价铬电镀废水的工艺条件 ,在最佳条件下废水中六价铬去除率达99 %以上 ,出水总铬含量为0.040mg/l,六价铬含量为0.002mg/l,大大低于国家排放标准0.500mg/l。     

果树缺铁矫正新技术—高渗液注射法

本文概述了植物的铁素营养、果材缺铁黄化病的诊断治疗方法，论述了高涌液注射法矫治果树缺铁黄化病的理论、假说、树木微型注射器、克黄灵高渗液、树干穴位注射法、树干穴位插管法及其应用前景。     

ARE RURAL RESIDENTS WILLING TO PAY ENOUGH TO IMPROVE DRINKING WATER QUALITY?1

ABSTRACT: The concentrations of iron and sulfate in community water supplies are a concern for a number of areas in southwestern Minnesota. This study used the contingent valuation method to determine how much consumers would be willing to pay to improve their drinking water quality. On average, individuals were willing to pay US$5.25 per month (in 1995 U.S. dollars) to reduce the level of iron and US$4.33 per month to reduce the level of sulfate in their water to the USEPA's secondary standards for drinking water quality. Respondents with negative perceptions of their drinking water quality were willing to pay more to improve water quality. The aggregate annual willingness to pay (WTP) for all consumers in community water systems in southwestern Minnesota that were out of compliance with water quality standards were estimated to be US$2.4 million and US$2.0 million (in 1995 dollars) for reducing the levels of iron and sulfate, respectively. Yet the total WTP of consumers who use small community water systems may not be enough to pay the full cost of providing improved water in those systems. Economies of scale in water treatment and difficulties in financing improvements mean that technical innovation, government assistance, or institutional changes may be needed to improve water quality in these areas.     

铁屑耦合固相反硝化对低碳氮比废水中总氮的处理

为考察脱氮效率并解决碳源不足导致总氮 (TN) 去除率不高的问题,将竹刨花作为固体碳源与挂膜载体,引入铁屑,构成耦合体系,搭建2套反硝化实验装置 (分别为耦合体系1号与单纯固相反硝化体系2号) 并对脱氮率及微生物进行分析。结果表明：进水TN为41.62~59.95 mg·L⁻¹,COD/N<0.5,水力停留时间为18 h; 13~105 d,1号TN平均去除率为73.21%~92.79%,比2号平均去除率高近1倍;1号碳源相对2号更为充足,但2体系出水COD均值都低于一级A;1号总铁释放稳定,出水总铁均值低于0.3 mg·L⁻¹,未出现NH₃-N明显积累。SEM表征结果显示,1号竹填料表面黏性物质与微生物数量更多,生物膜更加紧密。16S rRNA表征结果显示：1号具有更高的微生物丰度与多样性;2体系反硝化脱氮相关门类占主体,优势门类均为变形菌门,但1号变形菌门占比高于2号;变形菌门中,1号反硝化菌群 (属水平,丰度>1%) 类别和总占比均高于2号。由此可知,铁屑强化了碳源的分解与利用,促进了脱氮功能菌生长,显著提升了耦合体系脱氮效能,出水TN可达到地表水IV类标准(GB 3838-2002)。竹刨花获取方便灵活,铁屑低廉,两者构成的耦合体系具有巨大的实际应用前景。     

辅料及工艺参数对干旱地区污泥堆肥物理指标动态变化的影响

针对我国西北干旱地区污泥堆肥过程中存在升温速度慢和缺少适宜堆肥技术参数的问题,通过大型条垛式污泥堆肥正交实验,研究堆肥过程中堆体的温度、pH、电导率、含水率的动态变化过程,以期明确适宜该地区的污泥堆肥技术参数。结果表明,当玉米秸秆配比为15%时,堆体的升温速度达17.3 ℃∙d⁻¹,最高温度可达75 ℃以上;当秸秆粒径为5 cm时,高温持续时间最长,达22 d;堆体的电导率随着秸秆配比的增加呈增加的趋势,堆肥结束后以秸秆配比15%的电导率值最大。从水分变化来看,堆肥10 d后,污泥先静置6 d后翻抛的堆体上层含水率高,而常规翻抛的堆体各层含水率在15 d后呈现下层>上层>中层的垂直空间分布。总体而言,玉米秸秆粒径对堆体温度影响最大,而玉米秸秆配比对堆体含水率影响最大。西北干旱区污泥条垛式堆肥最优技术参数为添加5 cm粒径的玉米秸秆15%,完全混合先静置6 d后进行翻抛。本研究结果可为我国西北干旱地区生活污泥高效堆肥提供参考。     

混气悬浮磁化焙烧铁尾矿及其磁分选效果

为实现铁尾矿资源化回收利用,以H₂、CO、CO₂和N₂模拟还原混气对铁尾矿进行悬浮磁化焙烧,通过磁选获得铁精矿。探究温度、时间、H₂和CO占比对铁精矿铁品位和回收率的影响,采用X射线衍射、振动样品强磁计、X射线光电子能谱、BET表面分析和扫描电子显微镜X光微区分析方法,探究悬浮磁化焙烧磁选过程中晶相结构变化和反应机理。结果表明,铁尾矿在温度、时间和H₂∶CO∶CO₂∶N₂（体积比）分别为600 ℃、10 min和20∶15∶15∶50时,铁精矿铁品位和回收率最优分别为62.06%和98.03%。铁精矿饱和磁化强度由0.77 Am²·kg⁻¹提升到59.43 Am²·kg^-1。悬浮磁化焙烧能有效将赤铁矿针铁矿还原为磁铁矿,且BET表面积提升了13.1676 m²·g⁻¹,并能通过磁选有效分离Fe₃O₄和SiO₂等脉石。本研究可为从铁尾矿中回收铁资源提供参考。     

上流式Fe0-沸石固定床去除水中的硝酸盐氮

针对目前废水经生化处理后,残余NO-3浓度较高导致总氮不达标的问题,采用上流式Fe0-沸石固定床对其进行处理,探究了纯铁粉+沸石、铁粉/石英砂+沸石和铁粉/活性炭+沸石3种填料对硝酸盐氮废水的处理效果。实验结果表明,当进水NO-3浓度为50 mg·L-1,pH=6,V(Fe0)/V(活性炭)=0.5时,NO-3去除率可达75.99%,反应符合准一级反应动力学模型,反应速率常数可达0.084 min-1,且反应产物中氨氮的比例较低。活性炭或石英砂的加入可以减缓反应柱内铁粉的板结。反应柱内的沸石对氨氮具有良好的吸附效果,且对出水的pH具有一定的调节作用。