根表铁膜的形成和添加硒对水稻吸收转运无机汞和甲基汞的影响

为了研究根表铁膜和硒对水稻吸收、转运不同形态的汞的影响,用Fe2+溶液诱导根表形成铁膜后,将水稻植株分别暴露于无机汞(Hg Cl2)、甲基汞(Me Hg Cl)、无机汞和亚硒酸钠(Hg Cl2+Na2Se O3)混合溶液、甲基汞和亚硒酸钠(Me Hg Cl+Na2Se O3)混合溶液的培养液中继续培养72 h。用DCB(dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate)提取根表铁膜,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定DCB溶液中Fe、Hg含量及水稻根、茎叶中Hg含量。结果表明:水稻根表铁膜对Me Hg Cl和Hg Cl2均有吸附,对Me Hg Cl的吸附作用高于Hg Cl2。根表铁膜的形成显著降低了汞暴露水稻根、茎叶中汞的含量;铁膜的形成也显著降低了Hg Cl2和Me Hg Cl从水稻根部到茎叶部分的转运效率。硒的存在可增加铁膜对Hg Cl2和Me Hg Cl的吸附,降低水稻对Hg Cl2和Me Hg Cl的吸收和转运。研究结果表明:根表铁膜和硒单独或联合作用能显著抑制水稻对无机汞和甲基汞的吸收和转运,进而可以减少汞在稻米中的蓄积。研究的开展对于提高汞污染区稻米的质量和保证粮食安全具有一定的现实意义。     

Cation exchange resin supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for removal of phosphorus in rainwater runoff

Self-made cation exchange resin supported nanoscale zero-valent iron （R-nZVI） was used to remove phosphorus in rainwater runoff. 80% of phosphorus in rainwater runoff from grassland was removed with an initial concentration of 0.72 mg. L-1 phosphorus when the dosage of R-nZVl is 8 g per liter rainwater, while only 26% of phosphorus was removed when using cation exchange resin without supported nanoscale zero-valent iron under the same condition. The adsorption capacity of R-nZVI increased up to 185 times of that of the cation exchange resin at a saturated equilibrium phosphorous concentration of 0.42 mg. L-1. Various techniques were implemented to characterize the R-nZVI and explore the mechanism of its removal of phosphate. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） indicated that new crystal had been formed on the surface of R-nZVI. The result from inductive coupled plasma （ICP） indicated that 2.1% of nZVI was loaded on the support material. The specific surface area was increased after the load of nanoscale zero-valent iron （nZVI）, according to the measurement of BET-N2 method. The result of specific surface area analysis also proved that phosphorus was removed mainly through chemical adsorption process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis showed that the new product obtained from chemical reaction between phosphate and iron was ferrous phosphate.     

微型碎石管注桩治理深部软岩巷道底鼓新方法

针对造成巷道底鼓的物理和力学两种重要机制,研究并提出微型碎石管注桩治理深部软岩巷道底鼓的新方法。在物理机制方面,微型碎石桩具有渗透性极好的特点,在巷道施工和使用期间可汲取岩体中的渗水并透过碎石桩中的插管排出,从而降低软岩层因遇水膨胀导致的变形;在力学机制方面,微型碎石桩一方面通过钻孔置换出少部分底板软岩,从体量上减少变形岩体,另一方面能利用碎石桩体的侧向可压缩性耗散岩体水平变形,底板岩层中的水平地应力得以释放,极大减缓了促使底鼓变形的力学作用;通过微型碎石桩中的插管注浆加固底板岩体,提高了底板复合地基整体承载力。通过数值分析,阐明该方法在治理软岩巷道底鼓机制上的有效性。     

制备斜发沸石和零价铁复合材料处理水中的六价铬污染

为了更好地降低我国地下水中六价铬污染给公众的健康带来的危害,本研究以渗透反应墙为处理地下水六价铬污染的主要方法,沸石和零价铁为反应材料,结合沸石虽价格低廉,但经长时间运行后吸附的六价铬有可能发生解吸,零价铁虽能完全去除六价铬但成本很高的特点,研发出了斜发沸石和零价铁的复合材料,以作为渗透反应墙的填充材料.研发主要分三个步骤:1)遴选出吸附效果较好的斜发沸石;2)确定最优表面活性剂及最优施用浓度;3)确定沸石与零价铁的复合工艺方法.最终方案为斜发沸石、六烷基三甲基溴化铵、还原铁粉、斜发沸石粉和超纯水按比例均匀混合后加热至90℃.由此制得的复合材料,具有良好的反应性能和便于装填的形状,生产成本也比较低廉,可以作为修复六价铬污染的反应墙填充材料.     

Smokeless tobacco extract impairs iron homeostasis in rats and human hepatoma,HepG2 cells

Tobacco exposure may alter homeostasis of iron (Fe), one of the most abundant and essential transition metals in the body. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of smokeless tobacco was evaluated on Fe homeostasis in rats and human hepatoma, HepG2 cells. Our findings suggested that tobacco consumption even at low doses impairs Fe homeostasis leading to Fe deficiency anemia. Significant alterations were noted with respect to hematological parameters and expression patterns of selected intestinal Fe-transporters, Fe-binding proteins, and Fe-regulatory hormone, hepcidin. Impairment in the hepatic and renal antioxidant defense system was also observed in the treated rats. Histopathological studies revealed cirrhosis of liver and goblet cell hyperplasia of small intestine. Further, analysis of hepcidin promoter and its expression along with ferritin (expression and ELISA) in HepG2 cells demonstrated an enhanced expression of both the genes resulting in sequestration of Fe in treated cells, thus indicating systemic Fe deficiency.     

Cardioprotective effect of Lagenaria siceraria (Mol) ameliorates isoproterenol-induced cardiac toxicity in rats by stabilizing cardiac mitochondrial and lysosomal enzymes

A study was conducted to determine the effect of the chironomid larval tube on heavy metal toxicity. Silica gel was provided as a substrate with which the chironomid larvae could construct larval tubes. A series of 96 h LC₅₀ bioassays were conducted with and without the presence of the silica gel substrate, to allow comparison between the two test conditions. From the study it was observed that a 10–15% variation in LC₅₀ value occurred. The 96 h LC₅₀ for copper at the temperatures 35, 28, 20, 15, and 10°C was observed to be 7.5, 9.5, 7.5, 4.5, 3.6, and 2.8 mg L^?1, respectively. The same test when conducted in the presence of silica gel produced LC₅₀ values of 26.50, 33.50, 15.82, 12.77, and 9.94 mg L^?1 for the same temperatures. This would demonstrate that the larval tube did, to some extent, protect the larvae from the effects of the heavy metal.     

冀东铁矿2种恢复模式植被演替过程中群落结构及生物多样性比较研究

油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）耐低温、干旱和贫瘠,是我国北方温性针叶林中分布最广的森林群落,也是我国北方广大地区最主要的本土造林树种之一,火炬（Rhus typhina Linn.）根萌蘖力强,耐寒、耐旱、耐盐碱,是一种适应周围环境能力极强的外来引入种树种。采用空间代替时间的方法,以冀东铁矿不同年份种植的人工火炬林和人工油松林群落为研究对象,采用样方法进行调查取样,分析了2种恢复模式不同演替阶段群落结构的变化,群落动态,同时采用Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分析了物种多样性在群落演替过程中的动态变化,在此基础上,对比分析了2种恢复模式在生态效益方面的优劣。主要结果如下：1）短期来看,火炬可以迅速提高植被盖度,增加生物量,但是,长期来看,随着火炬的快速萌集繁殖和林分的郁闭,林下草本急剧减少,形成火炬单优群落,而不能形成稳定的顶级群落。2）短期来看,油松生长缓慢,其生态效益远小于火炬群落,但是油松群落经过11年的演替形成了乔-灌-草3层结构,群落结构逐渐完善。3）演替初期火炬群落优势种以猪毛蒿（Artemisia scoparia）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis）等耐干旱的植物为主,演替后期林下物种迅速减少以至大量消失;油松群落经过11年的恢复,群落草本层植物种数逐渐增大,从一年生先锋植物占优势过渡到以白羊草（Bothriochloa ischaemun）和硬质早熟禾（Poa sphondylodes）为建群种,并出现了黄刺玫（Rosa xanthina）和胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor）等多年生灌木。4）演替初期Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数表现为：火炬群落﹥油松群落,演替后期则相反,这主要是由群落内种间竞争关系和水热环境的差异造成。4）综合植物群落盖度、物种多样性和群落未来的演替趋势,火炬长期的生态效益远不及油松树种。     

新型生物电Fenton法降解偶氮染料：铁复合碳毡阴极研究

传统电Fenton反应通过电化学方法产生H2O2,需外加电源,能耗大,成本高。基于MFC持续产电并可驱动阴极电Fenton系统运行的特点,本研究以铁复合碳毡为阴极电极,构建了微生物燃料电池驱动的生物电Fenton系统,探讨了铁复合碳毡及阴极pH对偶氮染料(金橙I号)脱色的影响。结果发现,铁复合碳毡脱色效果均好于普通碳毡。当pH为3时,4 h后Fe@Fe2O3/CF阴极脱色率达91.7%,明显高于α-FeOOH/CF和FeAlSi/CF的83.4%和69.9%。扫描电镜发现,Fe@Fe2O3以微粒状结构附着于碳毡表面,比表面积增大,可能是Fe@Fe2O3/CF脱色性能改善的主要原因。研究表明,低pH有利于生物电Fenton反应的进行。当pH由3.0提高至5.0时,Fe@Fe2O3/CF阴极脱色率降低至47.1%。阴极室染料脱色与阳极室废水TOC削减呈线性相关,说明阳极生物氧化是驱动阴极生物电Fenton反应的原动力。本研究提供了一种能自我维持、无需外源电力的生物电Fenton系统,为印染废水脱色提供了崭新的途径。     

砷-铅交互作用对水稻根表铁膜富集及根系吸收砷铅的影响

采用土-砂联合培养方法诱导水稻根表自然形成铁氧化物膜,研究了As-Pb交互作用对水稻根表铁膜吸附砷铅及根系吸收As和Pb的影响.结果表明,As和Pb的添加显著地影响水稻根表铁膜对As和Pb的吸附,并且As-Pb交互作用显著地影响水稻根系对两元素的吸收及根表铁膜对As的吸附.添加Pb可促进水稻根系对As的吸收.当As浓度为25μmol.L-1时,浓度为25μmol.L-1Pb处理与对照相比导致水稻根系吸收As提高了53.3%.同样,施用As也可以促进水稻根系对Pb的吸收,当Pb的浓度为25μmol.L-1和50μmol.L-1时,50μmol.L-1As处理与对照相比,水稻根系吸收Pb分别提高20.2%和28.6%.添加As显著地促进Pb由铁膜向根系中转运,而添加Pb对As由铁膜向根系中的转运影响不大.因此,在重金属复合污染情况下,水稻根表铁膜对重金属的吸附及根系对重金属的吸收均存在着复杂的交互作用.     

高密度沉淀-活性砂过滤工艺在钢铁工业废水处理中的应用

采用调节池-高密度沉淀池-活性砂滤池-消毒为主要处理工艺,处理钢铁工业废水并回用,介绍该工艺技术特点、主要构筑物的技术参数以及运行效果。工程监测结果表明,该工艺对总硬度、浊度及COD的去除率分别达到60%、85%及62%以上,出水水质各项指标均达到《城市污水再生利用工业用水水质标准》(GB/T19923-2005)要求。处理系统运行稳定,耐冲击能力强。